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| 4657237021 | December 20, 1860 | South Carolina is the 1st state to secede from the Union. | 0 | |
| 4657237022 | Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 | 1 | |
| 4657237023 | Upper South | Refers to 8 of the Southern states: Virginia, Delaware, Maryand, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas. Tended to have fewer slaves and more yeomen farmers with political power. Accounted for two-thirds of the South's white population, more than three-forths of its industrical production, and more than half of its food and fuel. | 2 | |
| 4657237024 | Crittenden Compromise | 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans | 3 | |
| 4657237025 | Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the Confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War. | 4 | |
| 4657237026 | Robert E. Lee | Lincoln first choice to head the Union army he refused when his home state voted for secession. Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Very successful military strategist. | 5 | |
| 4657237027 | West Virginia | By the end of 1861, it had liberated the antisecession mountain people of the region who created their own state government loyal to the Union; the state was admitted to the Union in 1863. | 6 | |
| 4657237028 | Delaware | Supported Union cause | 7 | |
| 4657237029 | Maryland | Vital to Union security since it surrounded nations capital to the North. Slavery was entrenched, people not convinced the Union should be held together via force, Lincoln ordered the occupation of Maryland by the military and arrested suspected secessionists including those in the state legislature | 8 | |
| 4657237030 | Missouri | the key to communication and trade along the Missouri and upper Mississippi Rivers. German immigrants help keep control of Missouri under Union control throughout the war | 9 | |
| 4657237031 | Kentucky | Essential to the movement of troops and supplies along the Ohio River | 10 | |
| 4657237032 | Confederate States of America | a republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States | 11 | |
| 4657237033 | Manassas Creek/Bull Run | 1st real battle, Confederate victory, Washingtonian spectators gather to watch battle, Gen. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side | 12 | |
| 4657237034 | Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | commanded Virginia soldiers under the Confederacy and led his side to victory in the First Battle of Bull Run, was shot in the left arm by his fellow commander and then later died from this wound | 13 | |
| 4657237035 | Battle of Antietam | Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties | 14 | |
| 4657237036 | Ulysses S. Grant | The Union military commander who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed. Commanded the Union army in the west and later took over as the commander for the entire Union army | 15 | |
| 4657237037 | total war | a war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. Generals Grant & Sherman employed this in order to win the war | 16 | |
| 4657237038 | Confederate draft | Began in Apr. 1862; 1st in US history; subjected all white males to service for 3 years unless substitute was provided or owned slaves; intense opposition; repealed 1863; reintroduced in 1864 & allowed slaves to join; 1 white man for every 20 slaves was left on plantations | 17 | |
| 4657237039 | Militia Act of 1862 | as legislation enacted by the United States Congress in 1862 during the American Civil War to draft 300,000 eligible soldiers into the Union Armies. It also allowed African Americans to join the Union Army. | 18 | |
| 4657237040 | Enrollment Act of 1863 | US declared all men ages 20-45 had to join the army, substitution clause: pay $300 and get a substitute | 19 | |
| 4657237041 | US Sanitary Commission | organization of civilian volunteers getting female nurses to serve in field hospitals | 20 | |
| 4657237042 | Dorothea Dix | A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. | 21 | |
| 4657237043 | Clara Barton | Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field. | 22 | |
| 4657237044 | Homestead Act of 1862 | this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30 | 23 | |
| 4657237045 | Confiscation Acts | series of laws passed by federal government designed to liberate slaves in seceded states; authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and stated that all slaves who fought with Confederate military services were freed of further obligations to their masters; virtually emancipation act of all slaves in Confederacy | 24 | |
| 4657237046 | Emancipation Proclamation | The proclamation transformed the conflict over preserving the Union into a war of liberation providing a moral cause to the war. Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free. | 25 | |
| 4657237047 | Vicksburg | Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union. | 26 | |
| 4657237048 | Gettysburg | Last chance for confederacy. The union won and Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address which said that all men were created equal (turning point in war) | 27 | |
| 4657237049 | William Tecumseh Sherman | Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war | 28 | |
| 4657237050 | election of 1864 | In this election, five political parties supported candidates for the presidency. They included the War Democrats, Peace Democrats, Copperheads, Radical Republicans, and the National Union Party. Each political party offered a different point of view on how the war should be run and what should be done to the Confederate states after the war. The National Union Party joined with Lincoln won the election on the recent northern victories against the South. | 29 | |
| 4657237051 | Sherman's March to the Sea | the campaign began with General Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 15, 1864, and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 22. | 30 | |
| 4657237052 | Appomattox Court House | famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant | 31 |
