Terms : Hide Images
| 7273141488 | Tribute | The practice of collecting goods from conquered peoples; | 0 | |
| 7273141489 | Matriarchy | A gendered power structure in which social identity and property descend through the female line. | 1 | |
| 7273141490 | Animism | Spiritual beliefs that center on the natural world. | 2 | |
| 7273141491 | Patriarchy | A gendered power structure in which social identity and property descend through the male line and male heads of family rule over women and children. | 3 | |
| 7273141492 | Primogeniture | The practice of passing family land, by will or by custom, to the eldest son. | 4 | |
| 7273141493 | Peasants | The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe. Some owned land, while others leased or rented small plots from landlords. | 5 | |
| 7273141494 | Republic | A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people. | 6 | |
| 7273141495 | Civic Humanism | The belief that individuals owe a service to their community and its government. During the Renaissance, political theorists argued that selfless service to the polity was of critical importance in a self-governing republic. | 7 | |
| 7273141496 | Renaissance | A cultural transformation in the arts and learning that began in Italy in the 1300s and spread through much of Europe. | 8 | |
| 7273141497 | Guilds | Organizations of skilled workers in medieval and early modern Europe that regulated the entry into, and the practice of a trade. | 9 | |
| 7273141498 | Christianity | A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine. | 10 | |
| 7273141499 | Heresy | A religious doctrine that is inconsistent with the teachings of a church. | 11 | |
| 7273141500 | Islam | A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet. Following the death of Muhammad in A.D. 632, the newly converted Arab people's used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Indonesia, as well as deep into Spain and the Balkan regions of Europe. | 12 | |
| 7273141501 | Crusades | A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D. 1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived. | 13 | |
| 7273141502 | Predestination | The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born. Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine, which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology. | 14 | |
| 7273141503 | Protestant Reformation | The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics. | 15 | |
| 7273141504 | Counter-Reformation | A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders, including the Jesuits (founded in 1540), who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ. | 16 | |
| 7273141505 | Trans-Saharan trade | The primary avenue of trade for West Africans before European traders connected them to the Atlantic World. Controlled in turn by the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires, it carried slaves and gold to North Africa in exchange for salt and other goods. | 17 | |
| 7273141506 | Reconquista | The campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive North African Moors (Muslim Arabs) from the European mainland. After a centuries-long effort to recover their lands, the Spaniards defeated the Moors at Granada in 1492 and secured control of all of Spain. | 18 | |
| 7273141507 | Hiawatha | was a pre-colonial Native American leader and co-founder of the Iroquois Confederacy. Depending on the version of the narrative, he was a leader of the Onondaga, or the Mohawk or both. |  | 19 |
| 7273141508 | Martin Luther | German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. |  | 20 |
| 7273141509 | Mansa Musa | the tenth emperor, or sultan, of Mali. He is known for his extravagant pilgrimage to Mecca. | 21 | |
| 7273141510 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. |  | 22 |
| 7273141511 | Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. | 23 | |
| 7273141512 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire. |  | 24 |
| 7273141513 | Mocteczuma | His reign was marked by incessant warfare, and his despotic rule caused grave unrest. When Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico he was thus able to gain native allies | 25 | |
| 7273141514 | Pedro Alveres Cabral | Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil. | 26 | |
| 7273141515 | Encomienda system | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. | 27 | |
| 7273141516 | Cahokia | refers to the location where Mississippian culture thrived before European explorers landed in the Americas. From about 700 CE to 1400 CE, this site flourished and was once one of the greatest cities in the world. | 28 | |
| 7273141517 | Aztec Empire | This Empire of 1519 was the most powerful Mesoamerican kingdom of all time. The multi-ethnic, multi-lingual realm stretched for more than 80,000 square miles through many parts of what is now central and southern Mexico. This enormous empire reached from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf coast and from central Mexico to the present-day Republic of Guatemala. Fifteen million people, living in thirty-eight provinces and residing in 489 communities, paid tribute to the Emperor Moctezuma II in Tenochtitlán, the capital city of the great empire. | 29 | |
| 7273141518 | Inca Empire | was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. | 30 | |
| 7273141519 | Pueblos | The first Spanish explorers of the Southwest used this term to describe the communities housed in apartment-like structures built of stone, adobe mud, and other local material. | 31 |
