AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 11 Society, Culture, and Reform, 1820-1860
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| 5295516858 | utopian communities | Over one hundred of these experimental communities were started in this period. (p. 210) |  | 0 |
| 5295516859 | Shakers | This religious communal movement held property in common and and separated men and women. (p. 210) |  | 1 |
| 5295516860 | Amana Colonies | This German religious communal movement in Ohio emphasized simple living. (p. 210) | 2 | |
| 5295516861 | Robert Owen | Utopian socialist who improved health and safety conditions in mills, increased worker's wages and reduced hours. Dreamed of establishing socialist communities the most notable was New Harmony (1826) which failed (1771-1858) |  | 3 |
| 5295516862 | New Harmony | Nonreligious experiment founded to solve problems of inequity and alienation caused by the Industrial Revolution. (p. 210) | 4 | |
| 5295516863 | Joseph Humphrey Noyes | He started a cooperative community in Oneida, New York. They prospered by manufacturing silverware. (p. 210) | 5 | |
| 5295516864 | Oneida Community | Community started in 1848 dedicated to social and economic equality. They shared property and spouses. (p. 210) |  | 6 |
| 5295516865 | Charles Fourier phalanxes | French socialist who advocated that people share working and living arrangements in communities. Wanted to solve problems of competitive society but Americans were too individualistic. (p. 210) |  | 7 |
| 5295516866 | Horace Mann | He was the leading advocate of the public school movement. (p. 213) |  | 8 |
| 5295516867 | temperance | Reformers targeted alcohol as the cause of social ills. shift from moral exhortation to political action in reform. Business leader and politicians supported it because it improved productivity of industrial workers. (p. 212) |  | 9 |
| 5295516868 | American Temperance Society | Founded in 1826 by Protestant ministers and others, they encouraged total alcohol abstinence. (p. 212) |  | 10 |
| 5295516869 | Washingtonians | A temperance movement which argued that alcoholism was a disease that need practical helpful treatment. (p. 212) | 11 | |
| 5295516870 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. (p. 212) |  | 12 |
| 5295516871 | asylum movement | In the 1820s and 1830s this movement for public asylums: wanted inmates cured of antisocial behavior by putting them in a good environment. included mental hospitals, schools for the blind and deaf, and penitentiaries. (p. 212) | 13 | |
| 5295516872 | Dorothea Dix | A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. (p. 212) |  | 14 |
| 5295516873 | Thomas Gallaudet | Started a school for the deaf. (p. 213) |  | 15 |
| 5295516874 | Samuel Gridley Howe | He started a school for the blind. (p. 213) |  | 16 |
| 5295516875 | penitentiaries | Building of new prisons to take the place of crude jails. Reflected a major doctrine, structure and discipline would bring about moral reform. (p. 213) |  | 17 |
| 5295516876 | Auburn system | A prison system in New York which enforced rigid rules of discipline, while also providing moral instruction and work programs. (p. 213) | 18 | |
| 5295516877 | public school movement | Free public schools for children of all classes. (p. 213) | 19 | |
| 5295516878 | McGuffey readers | Elementary school textbooks that encouraged hard work, punctuality, and sobriety. (p. 213) |  | 20 |
| 5295516879 | American Peace Society | A pacifist society founded on the principles of William Ladd. Merged societies from New Hampshire, New York, Maine, and Massachusetts. | 21 | |
| 5295516880 | American Colonization Society | In 1817 this organization transported free slaves to African colony. This appealed to moderates, racists, and politicians. Only 12,000 people were settled in Africa. (p. 215) |  | 22 |
| 5295516881 | abolitionism | The Second Great Awakening led many Christians to view slavery as a sin. There were a wide range of views in the movement from gradual abolition to immediate abolition. (p. 214) |  | 23 |
| 5295516882 | American Antislavery Society | The organization founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and others. The advocate the immediate abolition of all slavery. (p. 215) |  | 24 |
| 5295516883 | William Lloyd Garrison; The Liberator | An abolitionist who in 1831 started a publication, "The Liberator". He attacked everything from slave holding, to moderate abolitionists. (p. 215) |  | 25 |
| 5295516884 | Liberty party | In 1840 this political party was formed In reaction the the radical abolitionists. They pledged to bring an end to slavery by political and legal means. (p. 215) | 26 | |
| 5295516885 | Frederick Douglass; The North Star | A former slave, in 1847 he started the antislavery journal, "The North Star". (p. 215) |  | 27 |
| 5295516886 | Harriet Tubman | Famous abolitionist, born a slave, she assisted fugitive slaves to escape to free territory. (p. 215) |  | 28 |
| 5295516887 | David Ruggles | An anti-slavery activist who was active in the New York Committee of Vigilance and the Underground Railroad. He claimed to have led over six hundred people, including friend and fellow abolitionist Frederick Douglass, to freedom in the North. (p. 215) | 29 | |
| 5295516888 | Sojourner Truth | United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women. (p. 215) |  | 30 |
| 5295516889 | William Still | African American abolitionist and author, he "The Underground Railroad" which chronicles how he helped 649 slaves escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad. (p. 215) |  | 31 |
| 5295516890 | David Walker | He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt. (p. 215) |  | 32 |
| 5295516891 | Henry Highland Garnet | A radical abolitionist, who with David Walker, advocated the most radical solution to the slavery question. They argued that slaves should take action themselves by rising up in revolt against their "masters" (p. 215) |  | 33 |
| 5295516892 | Nat Turner | In 1831 he led a slave rebellion in Virginia. This was the largest slave rebellion in which 55 whites were killed. (p. 215) |  | 34 |
| 5295516893 | antebellum period | The period before the Civil War started in 1861. (p. 207) |  | 35 |
| 5295516894 | romantic movement | In early 19th century Europe, art and literature emphasized intuition and feelings, individual acts of heroism, and the study of nature. In America, similar themes were expressed by transcendentalists. | 36 | |
| 5295516895 | transcendentalists | They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature. Artistic expression was more important than pursuit of wealth. They valued individualism and supported the antislavery movement. (p. 209) | 37 | |
| 5295516896 | Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The American Scholar" | Best known transcendentalist, his essays and lectures expressed the individualistic and nationalistic spirit of Americans. He urged self-reliance, and independent thinking. (p. 209) |  | 38 |
| 5295516897 | Henry David Thoreau, "Walden" | Pioneer ecologist and conservationist. Advocate of nonviolent protest against unjust laws. (p. 209) |  | 39 |
| 5295516898 | Brook Farm; George Ripley | Attempted communal experiment by Protestant minister George Ripley under transcendentalist ideals. Combination of intellectual and manual labor. (p. 207) |  | 40 |
| 5295516899 | feminists | Advocates of women's rights. (p. 214) |  | 41 |
| 5295516900 | Margaret Fuller | Social reformer, leader in women's movement and a transcendentalist. Edited "The Dial" which was the publication of the transcendentalists. |  | 42 |
| 5295516901 | Theodore Parker | A theologian and radical reformer. (p. 210) | 43 | |
| 5295516902 | George Caleb Bingham | An American realist artist, whose paintings depicted life on the frontier. (p. 211) |  | 44 |
| 5295516903 | William S. Mount | Contemporary of the Hudson River school; began as a history painter but moved to depicting scenes from everyday life. (p. 211) |  | 45 |
| 5295516904 | Thomas Cole | Founder of the Hudson River school, famous for his landscape paintings. (p. 211) |  | 46 |
| 5295516905 | Hudson River school | Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River. Romantic treatment of American landscape |  | 47 |
| 5295516906 | Frederick Church | Central figure in the Hudson River School, pupil of Thomas Cole, known for his landscapes and for painting colossal views of exotic places. (p. 211) |  | 48 |
| 5295516907 | Washington Irving | Author, diplomat, wrote The Sketch Book, which included "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," the first American to be recognized in England (and elsewhere) as a writer |  | 49 |
| 5295516908 | James Fenimore Cooper | United States novelist noted for his stories of indians and the frontier life (1789-1851) |  | 50 |
| 5295516909 | Nathaniel Hawthorne | Author of "The Scarlet Letter", originally a transcendentalist but later became a leading anti-transcendentalist. |  | 51 |
| 5295516910 | Sylvester Graham | an American dietary reformer who was ordained in 1826 as a Presbyterian minister. He is notable for his emphasis on vegrtarianism and the Temperance Movement. |  | 52 |
| 5295516911 | Amelia Bloomer | a leader in the temperance and women's suffrage movements, remembered especially for her failed attempt to revolutionize women's clothing through the use of modified trousers under slightly shorter skirts |  | 53 |
| 5295516912 | Second Great Awakening | A religious movement that occurred during the antebellum period. A reaction against rationalism (belief in human reason) that offered opportunity of salvation to all. (p. 207) |  | 54 |
| 5295516913 | Timothy Dwight | President of Yale College, he helped initiate the Second Great Awakening. His campus revivals inspired many young men to become evangelical preachers. (p. 207) |  | 55 |
| 5295516914 | revivalism; revival camp meetings | Religious revivals that were a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. A populist movement that was part of the Second Great Awakening. (p. 207) | 56 | |
| 5295516915 | millennialism | A popular belief of the time that the world was about to end with the second coming of Jesus Christ. (p. 208) | 57 | |
| 5295516916 | Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; Mormons | Founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. It was based on the Book of Mormon which traced a connection between the American Indians and the lost tribes of Israel. After Joseph Smith was murdered, Brigham Young led the group to establish the New Zion on the Great Salt Lake in Utah. (p. 208) |  | 58 |
| 5295516917 | Joseph Smith | Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints in New York in 1830. The church moved to Ohio, Missouri, then Illinois. (p. 208) |  | 59 |
| 5295516918 | Brigham Young | After Joseph Smith was killed, he led the church to Utah. (p. 208) |  | 60 |
| 5295516919 | New Zion | This was the religious community established by the Mormons on the banks of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. (p. 208) |  | 61 |
| 5295516920 | women's rights movement | Women reformers resent the men for regulating their secondary roles in reform movements |  | 62 |
| 5295516921 | cult of domesticity | After industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs. (p. 214) |  | 63 |
| 5295516922 | Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke | Two sisters, born in South Carolina, they joined the abolitionist movement and fought for women's rights. (p. 214) |  | 64 |
| 5295516923 | Letter of the Condition of Women and the Equality of the Sexes | Written by Angelina and Sarah Grimke, it protested males opposition to their abolitionist work. (p. 214) | 65 | |
| 5295516924 | Lucretia Mott | A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. (p. 214) |  | 66 |
| 5295516925 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. (p. 214) |  | 67 |
| 5295516926 | Seneca Falls Convention | In 1848 it was the first women's rights convention in U.S. history. Wrote "declaration of sentiments" which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances. the frame of argument echoed the Declaration of Independence. Complained about property and voting rights. (p. 214) |  | 68 |
| 5295516927 | Susan B. Anthony | Social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist. She helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association. (p. 214) |  | 69 |
