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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 11 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 11 Society, Culture, and Reform, 1820-1860

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5675213850utopian communitiesOver one hundred of these experimental communities were started in the 1820s to 1860s period. (p. 210)0
5675213851ShakersThis early religious communal movement held property in common and separated men and women. Forbade marriage and sexual relations (p. 210)1
5675213853Robert OwenA Welsh industrialist and reformer who founded the New Harmony community and leader in utopian community ieals(p. 210)2
5675213854New HarmonyNonreligious experimental socialist community founded to solve problems of inequity and alienation caused by the Industrial Revolution. (p. 210)3
5675213856Oneida communityThis community, started in 1848, was dedicated to social and economic equality. They shared property and spouses, and prospered by manufacturing silverware.. (p. 210)4
5675213858Horace MannHe was the leading advocate of the public school movement. (p. 213)5
5675213859temperanceReformers targeted alcohol as the cause of social ills. The movement started by using moral exhortation, then shifted to political action. Business leaders and politicians supported it because it improved productivity of industrial workers. (p. 212)6
5675213860American Temperance SocietyFounded in 1826, by Protestant ministers and others, they encouraged total alcohol abstinence. (p. 212)7
5675213862Women's Christian Temperance UnionIn the late 1870s, this women's organization was part of the temperance movement. (p. 212)8
5675213863asylum movementIn the 1820s and 1830s, this movement sought to improve the conditions for criminals, emotionally disturbed people, and paupers. They proposed setting up state-supported prisons, mental hospitals, and poorhouses. (p. 212)9
5675213864Dorothea DixA reformer who was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. (p. 212)10
5675213867penitentiaries/prisonsThese institutions took the place of crude jails. They believed that structure and discipline would bring about moral reform. (p. 213)11
5675213869public school movementIn the 1840s, this movement to provide free education for all children (through public funding) spread rapidly throughout the nation. Other reforms included longer terms and segregation by age (p. 213)12
5675213872American Colonization SocietyFounded in 1817, this organization transported free black people to an African colony. This appealed to moderates, racists, and politicians. However, only 12,000 people were actually settled in Africa. (p. 215)13
5675213873American Antislavery SocietyThe organization was founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and others. They advocated the immediate abolition of all slavery in every state. (p. 215)14
5675213874abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison; The LiberatorIn 1831, he started the radical abolitionist movement with the "The Liberator" newspaper. He advocated the immediate abolition of all slavery in every state. (p. 215)15
5675213876Frederick Douglass; The North StarIn 1847, this former slave started the antislavery journal, "The North Star". (p. 215)16
5675213877Harriet TubmanFamous abolitionist, born a slave, she assisted fugitive slaves to escape to free territory. (p. 215)17
5675213879Sojourner TruthA United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate for the abolition of slavery and the rights of women. (p. 215)18
5675213883Nat TurnerIn 1831, he led the largest slave rebellion in which 55 whites were killed. (p. 215)19
5675213884antebellum periodThe period before the Civil War started in 1861. (p. 207)20
5675213885romantic movementIn early 19th century Europe, art and literature emphasized intuition and feelings, individual acts of heroism, and the study of nature. In America, similar themes were expressed by the transcendentalists. (p. 209)21
5675213886transcendentalistsThey questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. They encouraged a mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover the inner self and look for essence of God in nature. Artistic expression was more important than pursuit of wealth. They valued individualism and supported the antislavery movement. (p. 209)22
5675213887Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The American Scholar"The best known transcendentalist, his essays and lectures expressed the individualistic and nationalistic spirit of Americans. He urged self-reliance, and independent thinking, primacy of spiritual matters over material ones. critic of salvery(p. 209)23
5675213888Henry David Thoreau, "Walden", "On Civil Disobedience"A pioneer ecologist and conservationist. He was an advocate of nonviolent protest against unjust laws. transcendentalist, observed nature to discover truths about life and the universe. (p. 209)24
5675213891feministsThe term for advocates of women's rights. (p. 214)25
5675213892Margaret FullerA feminist, writer, and editor in the women's movement. (p. 210)26
5675213898Hudson River schoolIn the 1830s, this genre of painting founded in the Hudson River area, portrayed everyday life of ordinary people in the natural world. (p. 211)27
5675213899Washington IrvingThis author wrote fiction using American settings. (p. 211)28
5675213901Nathaniel HawthorneAuthor of "The Scarlet Letter", which questioned the intolerance and conformity in American life. (p. 211)29
5675213902Sylvester GrahamAn American dietary reformer who advocated whole wheat bread and graham crackers to promote good digestion. (p. 216)30
5675213904Second Great AwakeningA religious movement that occurred during the antebellum period. It was a reaction against rationalism (belief in human reason). It offered the opportunity of salvation to all. Rejected Calvinism; paralleled democratization of American society (p. 207)31
5675213906revivalism; revival camp meetingsIn the early 1800s, this movement was a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. Successful preachers were audience-centered and easily understood by the uneducated. (p. 207)32
5675213908Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; MormonsFounded by Joseph Smith in 1830. It was based on the Book of Mormon which traced a connection between the American Indians and the lost tribes of Israel. After Joseph Smith was murdered, Brigham Young led the religious group to establish the New Zion on the Great Salt Lake in Utah. (p. 208)33
5675213909Joseph SmithFounded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints in New York in 1830. The church moved to Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, then finally to Utah. (p. 208)34
5675213910Brigham YoungAfter Joseph Smith was killed, he led the Mormon followers to Utah. (p. 208)35
5675213912women's rights movementWomen started this movement because they resented the way men relegated them to secondary roles in the reform movements. (p. 214)36
5675213913cult of domesticityAfter industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs. (p. 214)37
5675213916Lucretia MottA women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. (p. 214)38
5675213917Elizabeth Cady StantonA women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. (p. 214)39
5675213918Seneca Falls ConventionIn 1848, this was the first women's rights convention in U.S. history. They wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", modeled after the Declaration of Independence, which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances. (p. 214)40
5675213919Susan B. AnthonySocial reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist. She helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association. (p. 214)41
5675407244Baptists and MethodistsIn south and advancing western frontier, circuit preachers, by 1850, largest Protestant denominations in the country42
5675505493higher educationreligious enthusiasm of Great Awakening helped fuel growth of private colleges.43

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