AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 18 The Growth of Cities and American Culture, 1865-1900
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| 8754668110 | Causes of Immigration | Forces in U.S. driving this process were (1) political and religious freedom, (2) economic opportunities in western U.S. and cities, (3) large steamships offered relatively inexpensive transportation. |  | 0 |
| 8754668111 | Old Immigrants | Through 1880s, came to the U.S. from northern and western Europe. Were mostly Protestant and had high-level of literacy. |  | 1 |
| 8754668112 | New Immigrants | From 1890s-1914, came to the U.S. from southern and eastern Europe. Mostly non-Protestant, poor and illiterate. |  | 2 |
| 8754668113 | Statue of Liberty | Began in 1870's, by French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi. Opened in New York Harbor, in 1886. |  | 3 |
| 8754668114 | Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | Was 1st bill regarding immigration. Placed a ban on all new immigrants from China. |  | 4 |
| 8754668115 | Immigration Act of 1882 | 1882-this act placed restrictions on immigration of undesirable persons (paupers, criminals, convicts, and mentally incompetent) |  | 5 |
| 8754668116 | Contract Labor Act of 1885 | Restricted immigration of temp. workers, to protect American workers. |  | 6 |
| 8754668117 | American Protective Association | Nativist society that was prejudiced against Roman Catholics. |  | 7 |
| 8754668118 | Ellis Island 1892 | Immigration center opened in 1892 in NY Harbor. |  | 8 |
| 8754668119 | Melting Pot vs. Cultural Diversity | Historian's term, melting pot, refers to immigrants leaving their old-world characteristics and adopting U.S characteristics. Other historians argue that 1st-gen. immigrants maintained cultural identity and only the 2nd and 3rd generations were assimilated in the U.S. society. |  | 9 |
| 8754668120 | Cause of Migration | Late 1800s, forces driving Europeans to migrate to the U.S. were (1) Displaced farmworkers by political turmoil and mechanization, (2) Overcrowding due to population boom, (3) Religious persecution. | | 10 |
| 8754668121 | Streetcar Cities | In these cities, people lived in residences many miles from their jobs and commuted to work by horse-drawn streetcars. |  | 11 |
| 8754668122 | Steel-Framed Buildings | Skyscrapers made possible by this type of building. 1st was the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago. Made possible by a steel skeleton, Otis elevator, and central steam heating system. |  | 12 |
| 8754668123 | Tenements, Poverty | As rich people left residences near business district, buildings were often divided into small crowded windowless apartments for the poor. |  | 13 |
| 8754668124 | Ethnic Neighborhoods | Different immigrant groups created distinct neighborhoods where they could maintain their distinct identity. |  | 14 |
| 8754668125 | Residential Suburbs | By 1900, suburbs had grown up around every major U.S. city. the U.S. became world's 1st suburban nation. |  | 15 |
| 8754668126 | Political Machines, Boss | Political parties in major cities came under control of tightly organized groups of politicians, known as political machines. Each machine had boss-top politician who gave orders and doled out government jobs. |  | 16 |
| 8754668127 | Tammany Hall | Political machine in NYC-developed into a power center. |  | 17 |
| 8754668128 | Urban Reformers | Stated more than 400 settlement houses in cities. Provided services to help poor immigrants. |  | 18 |
| 8754668129 | City Beautiful Movement | 1890s-this movement included plans to remake America's cities with tree-lined boulevards, public parks, and public cultural attractions. |  | 19 |
| 8754668130 | Henry George | San Francisco journalist who authored "Progress and Poverty" in 1879-called to attention the failings of laissez-faire capitalism along with wealth polarization caused by industrialization. |  | 20 |
| 8754668131 | Edward Bellamy | 1888-wrote "Looking Backward", a popular book of social criticism-envisioned future that eliminated poverty, greed, and crime. |  | 21 |
| 8754668132 | Jane Addams | 1889-she started Hull House in Chicago, which was a settlement house that provided help to immigrants. |  | 22 |
| 8754668133 | Settlement Houses | Provide social services to new immigrants. | | 23 |
| 8754668134 | Social Gospel | 1880s + 1890s-this movement espoused social justice for the poor based on Christian principles. |  | 24 |
| 8754668135 | Walter Rauschenbusch | Leading figure of Social Gospel movement, and a NYC minister. |  | 25 |
| 8754668136 | Cardinal Gibbons | Roman Catholic leader-supported organized labor. |  | 26 |
| 8754668137 | Dwight Moody | Founded Moody Bible Institute (1889). Helped generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity to city life. |  | 27 |
| 8754668138 | Salvation Army | Imported from England in 1879, charity provided the basic necessities of life for the homeless and poor while also preaching Christian Gospel. |  | 28 |
| 8754668139 | Family Size; Divorce | Family size continued to drop as more people moved from farms to cities. Children were needed to do work on farms, but in city they did not provide that advantage. Divorce rates increased as legal grounds for divorce became more lenient. |  | 29 |
| 8754668140 | Susan B. Anthony, NAWSA | 1890-one of founders of the National American Womens Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which worked to secure voting rights for women. |  | 30 |
| 8754668141 | Francis Willard, WCTU | Leader of Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) which advocated total abstinence from alcohol. |  | 31 |
| 8754668142 | Antisaloon League | 1893-this organization became powerful political force, by 1916 had persuaded 21 states to close down all saloons and bars. |  | 32 |
| 8754668143 | Carrie Nation | She raided saloons and smashed barrels of beer with a hatchet. |  | 33 |
| 8754668144 | Kindergarten | Late 1800s-practice of sending children to kindergarten became popular. |  | 34 |
| 8754668145 | Public High School | Late 1800s-growing support for tax-supported public high schools. |  | 35 |
| 8754668146 | College Elective System | Late 1800s, colleges started reducing # of required courses and offered more elective courses. These were courses students could choose, and this increased the # of foreign language and science courses. |  | 36 |
| 8754668147 | Johns Hopkins University | University was founded in Baltimore in 1876, the 1st to specialize in advanced graduate studies. |  | 37 |
| 8754668148 | New Social Sciences | New fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science emerged. |  | 38 |
| 8754668149 | Richard T. Ely | He attacked laissez-faire economic thought as dogmatic and outdated and used economics to study labor unions and trusts. |  | 39 |
| 8754668150 | Oliver Wendell Holmes | Taught that law should evolve with the times and not be bound by previous precedents or decisions. |  | 40 |
| 8754668151 | Clarence Darrow | Famous lawyer, he argued that criminal behavior could be caused by an environment of poverty, neglect, and abuse. |  | 41 |
| 8754668152 | W.E.B. Du Bois | Leading black intellectual, he advocated for equality for blacks, integrated schools, and equal access to higher education. |  | 42 |
| 8754668153 | Realism, Naturalism | Mark Twain became the 1st realist author and his books often showed the greed, violence, and racism in American society. Authors known for naturalism focused in how emotions and experience shaped human experience. |  | 43 |
| 8754668154 | Mark Twain | 1st great realist author, famous for his classic "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". |  | 44 |
| 8754668155 | Stephen Crane | Wrote in the 1890s about human condition. His books included "Maggie: A Girl in the Streets" and the "Red Badge of Courage". |  | 45 |
| 8754668156 | Jack London | Wrote about the conflict between man and nature in books such as "The Call of the Wild". |  | 46 |
| 8754668157 | Theodore Dreiser | Author of "Sister Carrie". Notable for its naturalism and controversy, as it ran contrary to moral undercurrents of 1900. |  | 47 |
| 8754668158 | Winslow Homer | Foremost American painter of seascapes and watercolors. |  | 48 |
| 8754668159 | Thomas Eakins | Specialized in painting of working class and used serial-action photographs to study human anatomy. |  | 49 |
| 8754668160 | Impressionism | Painting technique that originating in France. |  | 50 |
| 8754668161 | James Whistler | American expat, he painted Arrangement in Grey and Black, popularly known as Whistler's Mother. Was a quintessential example of his study of color rather than subject. |  | 51 |
| 8754668162 | Mary Cassatt | American impressionist painter known as a portrait painter. Spent much of her life in France. |  | 52 |
| 8754668163 | Ashcan School | Around 1900, painted scenes of everyday life in poor urban neighborhoods. |  | 53 |
| 8754668164 | Armory Show | New York painting exhibit in 1913-featured abstract paintings. |  | 54 |
| 8754668165 | Abstract Art | Non-representational art, not accepted by Americans until 1950s. |  | 55 |
| 8754668166 | Henry Hobson Richardson | Architectural designs of the 1870s, based on Romanesque style, gave gravity and stateliness to functional commercial buildings. |  | 56 |
| 8754668167 | Romanesque style | Architecture style featured massive stone walls and rounded arches. |  | 57 |
| 8754668168 | Louis Sullivan | Rejected historical architecture and focused on tall, steel-framed office buildings. He focused on building a form that followed function. Member of the Chicago School. |  | 58 |
| 8754668169 | Form Follows Function | Form of the building flowed from its function. |  | 59 |
| 8754668170 | Frank Lloyd Wright | Most famous architect of 20th century, he developed an organic style that made his buildings fit in with their natural surroundings. |  | 60 |
| 8754668171 | Organic Architecture | Architectural style in which the building was in harmony with its natural surroundings. |  | 61 |
| 8754668172 | Frederick Law Olmsted | Originator of landscape architecture, he designed Central Park and grounds of the U.S. Capitol. |  | 62 |
| 8754668173 | Growth of Leisure Time | Growth of leisure time activities was result of the reduction of work hours, improved transportation, advertising, and decline of restrictive values. |  | 63 |
| 8754668174 | John Philip Sousa | Wrote series of popular marches played in small town bandstands across the country. |  | 64 |
| 8754668175 | Jazz, Blues, Ragtime | Form of music that combined African rhythms and western-style instruments and mixed improvisation with a structured band format. |  | 65 |
| 8754668176 | Jelly Roll Morton | Famous African American jazz musician from New Orleans. |  | 66 |
| 8754668177 | Scott Joplin | Black composer notable for his contribution to ragtime. He sold over one million copies of his song "Maple Leaf Rag". |  | 67 |
| 8754668178 | Mass Circulation Newspapers | Large circulation newspapers had been around since 1830, but the 1st to exceed 1 million subscribers was Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. |  | 68 |
| 8754668179 | Joseph Pulitzer | Established the 1st newspaper to exceed over 1 million in circulation by filling it with sensational stories of crime and disaster. |  | 69 |
| 8754668180 | William Randolph Hearst | Newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism. |  | 70 |
| 8754668181 | Ladies Home Journal | By 1880s, advertising and new printing technology lead to this magazine which sold for only 10 cents. |  | 71 |
| 8754668182 | Circus Trains | National rail network made possible traveling circuses. |  | 72 |
| 8754668183 | Barnum & Bailey, Greatest Show on Earth | Traveling circus that was very popular. |  | 73 |
| 8754668184 | Buffalo Bill Wild West Show | William F. Cody brought this show to urban populations. |  | 74 |
| 8754668185 | Spectator Sports, Boxing, Baseball | In late 19th century pro. sports started. |  | 75 |
| 8754668186 | Amateur Sports, Bicycling, Tennis | Late 19th century sports of the middle and upper classes. |  | 76 |
| 8754668187 | Social Class and Discrimination | Late 19th century, sports such as golf and tennis became popular with wealth members of athletic clubs. Very rich pursued polo and yachting. |  | 77 |
| 8754668188 | Country Clubs, Golf, Polo, Yachts | Late 19th century sports of the wealthy. |  | 78 |
| 8754668189 | Corner Saloon, Pool Halls | Late 19th century, young single men often centered their lives around these establishments. |  | 79 |
