AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 1 A New World of Many Cultures, 1491-1607
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| 10520683532 | maize (corn) | The Mayas and the Incas cultivated it as an important stable food supply. (p. 2) | 0 | |
| 10520683533 | horses | This commodity brought to the new world through the Columbian Exchange transformed Native American societies by making hunting, transportation, and communication easier. (p. 4) | 1 | |
| 10520683557 | encomienda system | King of Spain gave grants of land and natives (as slaves) to individual Spaniards. (p. 8) | 2 | |
| 10520683538 | Hokokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos | These American Indians were located in the New Mexico and Arizona region. They developed farming using irrigation systems. (p. 4) | 3 | |
| 10520683539 | Cahokia (Woodland mound builders) | American Indian tribe east of the Mississippi that prospered because of a rich food supply. (p. 4) | 4 | |
| 10520683541 | Mayas | From A.D. 300 to 800, this highly developed civilization built large cities in what is today's southern Mexico and Guatemala. (p. 2) | 5 | |
| 10520683542 | Incas | This highly developed civilization developed a vast South American empire based in Peru. (p. 2) | 6 | |
| 10520683543 | Aztecs | Starting about 1300, this civilization flourished in central Mexico. (p. 2) | 7 | |
| 10520683559 | conquistadores | These Spanish explorers and conquerors of the Americas sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to Spain making it the richest and most powerful nation in Europe. (p. 8) | 8 | |
| 10520683544 | New Laws of 1542 | Bartolome de Las Casas convinced the King of Spain to institute these laws, which ended American Indian slavery, ended forced Indian labor, and began the process of ending the encomienda systems. (p. 11) | 9 | |
| 10520683545 | Roanoke Island | In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish a settlement here, but it failed. (p. 9) | 10 | |
| 10520683547 | Renaissance | A rebirth of culture in Europe which ushered in new scientific discoveries & technological developments including the printing press which spread knowledge across Europe in the 1450s. (p 5) | 11 | |
| 10520683564 | Protestant Reformation | In the early 1500s, certain Christians in Germany, England, France, Holland, and other northern European countries revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome. (p. 6) | 12 | |
| 10520683565 | Christopher Columbus | He spent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from Europe to the "Indies". In 1492, he sailed from the Canary Islands to an island in the Bahamas. His success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in Spain. (p. 7) | 13 | |
| 10520683566 | Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) | In 1494, this treaty between Spain and Portugal, moved the line of demarcation that the pope had established a few degrees to the west. (p. 8) | 14 | |
| 10520683549 | Columbian Exchange | The widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable disease, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. (p. 7) | 15 | |
| 10520683552 | Iroquois Confederation | A political union of five independent American Indian tribes in the Mohawk Valley of New York. (p. 5) | 16 | |
| 10520683554 | Bartolome de Las Casa | A Spanish priest who was an advocate for better treatment of Indians. (p. 11) | 17 | |
| 10520683555 | Valladolid Debate | In 1550-1551, in Valladolid, Spain, a formal debate concerning the role of American Indians in the Spanish colonies. (p. 11) | 18 | |
| 10520768443 | asiento system | This required the Spanish to pay a tax to the king for each slave them imported to the Americas (p. 8) | 19 |
