AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 20 Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917
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| 6075536335 | William Seward | Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price. (p. 409) |  | 0 |
| 6075536336 | Monroe Doctrine | In 1823, a political policy of the United States by President James Monroe that stated the Western Hemisphere was closed to European interference. UPDATE |  | 1 |
| 6075536337 | French in Mexico | In 1865, Secretary of State William Seward invoked the Monroe Doctrine when Napoleon III sent French troops to occupy Mexico. He threatened U.S. military action unless France withdrew their troops, and they did. (p. 410) |  | 2 |
| 6075536338 | Alaska Purchase | In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 Million ("Seward's Folly"). (p. 410) |  | 3 |
| 6075536339 | Pan-American Conference (1889) | In 1889, this conference was called by Secretary of State James G. Blaine. It created an organization of cooperation between the United States and Latin American countries. (p. 412) |  | 4 |
| 6075536340 | James Blaine | Republican nominee for president in 1884, previously a Secretary of State UPDATE |  | 5 |
| 6075536341 | Venezuela boundary dispute | An issue between Venezuela and the neighbouring territory, the British colony of Guiana. The United States convince Great Britain to arbitrate the dispute. (p. 412) |  | 6 |
| 6075536342 | Cleveland and Olney | In 1895 and 1896, President Grover Cleveland and Secretary of State Richard Olney insisted that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the border dispute between Venezuela and the British colony of Guiana. (p. 412) |  | 7 |
| 6075536343 | Hawaii | In 1893, American settlers aided in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. President McKinley completed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898. (p. 415) |  | 8 |
| 6075536344 | Pearl Harbor | On December 7, 1941, this United States military base on Hawaii was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. |  | 9 |
| 6075536345 | Queen Liliuokalani | The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests. (p. 414) |  | 10 |
| 6075536346 | Cleveland blocks annexation | In 1893, President Grover Cleveland block the annexation of Hawaii because he opposed imperalism. However, in 1898, President McKinley did annex Hawaii. (p. 414) |  | 11 |
| 6075536347 | international Darwinism | Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest was applied not only to competition in the business world but also to competition among nations. Therefore, in the international arena, the US had to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas, a sort of continuing of the manifest destiny |  | 12 |
| 6075536348 | business and imperialists competitors | UPDATE | 13 | |
| 6075536349 | spreading religion and science | what were the two factors that pushed european nations across the atlantic ocean? UPDATE | 14 | |
| 6075536350 | Josiah Strong | This reverend believed that Protestant American had a religious duty to colonize other lands in order to spread Christianity and the benefits of their superior civilization . (p. 411) |  | 15 |
| 6075536351 | expansionist politicians | Republican politicians generally endorsed the use of foreign affairs to search for new markets. (p. 411) |  | 16 |
| 6075536352 | steel and steam navy | By 1900, The United States had the third largest navy in the world. (p. 411) |  | 17 |
| 6075536353 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | He was a U.S. Navy captain whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of seapower changed how America viewed its navy. (p. 411) |  | 18 |
| 6075536354 | nationalist media | UPDATE |  | 19 |
| 6075536355 | Cuban revolt | In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where many died. (p. 413) |  | 20 |
| 6075536356 | Valeriano Weyler | A general sent by Spain to stop the Cuban revolt. He forced civilians into armed camps, where tens of thousands died of starvation and disease. (p. 413) |  | 21 |
| 6075536357 | jingoism | An intense form of nationalism calling for an aggressive foreign policy. (p. 412) |  | 22 |
| 6075536358 | yellow journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. (p. 413) |  | 23 |
| 6075536359 | De Lome Letter | Spanish Ambassador's letter that was leaked to the press and and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Many considered it an official Spanish insult against U.S. national honor. (p. 413) |  | 24 |
| 6075536360 | sinking of the Maine | On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine battleship exploded in Havana Harbor. The yellow press accused Spain of blowing up the ship even though experts later concluded that the explosion was probably an accident. (p. 413) |  | 25 |
| 6075536361 | Teller Amendment | A resolution authorizing war, but it promised the U.S. would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war. (p. 414) |  | 26 |
| 6075536362 | a splendid little war | The ambassador to England wrote to his friend, Teddy Roosevelt, with these words because of low casualties in the war against Spain. (p. 414) |  | 27 |
| 6075536363 | invade the Philippines | Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. fleet to the Philippines where he defeated Spain. (p. 414) |  | 28 |
| 6075536364 | George Dewey | A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay, Philippines in the Spanish-American War. (p. 414) |  | 29 |
| 6075536365 | Rough Riders | Volunteer regiment of U.S. Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War. (p. 414) |  | 30 |
| 6075536366 | Theodore Roosevelt | He became that 26th President in 1901. He as an expansionist who increased the size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". He added the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. His motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". He received the Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. (p. 417) |  | 31 |
| 6075536367 | Treaty of Paris: Puerto Rico | This treaty was signed on December 10, 1898 with Spain. It provided for: 1) Cuban independence, 2) Purchase of Puerto Rico and Guam, 3) Purchase of the Philippines. (p. 415) |  | 32 |
| 6075536368 | Guam and Philippines | UPDATE |  | 33 |
| 6075536369 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino nationalist leader who led guerrilla fighters in a three year war against U.S. control of the Philippines. (p. 415) |  | 34 |
| 6075536370 | Anti-Imperialist League | Lead by William Jennings Bryan, they opposed further expansion in the Pacific. (p. 415) |  | 35 |
| 6075536371 | Insular cases | A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901 to 1903 which arose when the United States acquired the Philippines and Puerto Rico. The court ruled that constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions and that the power to decide whether or not to grant such rights belonged to Congress. (p. 416) |  | 36 |
| 6075536372 | Platt Amendment | A 1901 amendment to an army appropriations bill that said Cuba would make no treaties that compromised its independence, permit the U.S. to maintain law and order in Cuba, and allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in Cuba. (p 416) |  | 37 |
| 6075536373 | spheres of influence | The term when countries came to dominate trade and investment within a particular region and shut out competitors. In the 1890s, Russia, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Germany were all establishing close ties with China that disturbed the United States. (p. 417) |  | 38 |
| 6075536374 | John Hay | In 1899, as William McKinley's secretary of state, he sent a note to all the major countries involved in trade with China. He asked them to accept the concept of an Open Door, by which all nations would have equal trading privileges in China. The replies that he got were evasive, so he declared that all nations had accepted the Open Door policy. (p. 416) |  | 39 |
| 6075536375 | Open Door Policy | A policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. (p. 416) |  | 40 |
| 6075536376 | Boxer Rebellion | A 1900 rebellion in Beijing, China that was started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". An international force marched into Beijing and crushed the rebellion. (p. 417) |  | 41 |
| 6075536377 | U.S. joined international force | To protect American lives and property, U.S. troops participated in an international force that marched into Peking (Beijing) and quickly crushed the rebellion of the Boxers. (p. 417) |  | 42 |
| 6075536378 | Second Hay Note | In 1900, the U.S. was fearful that the international force sent to Beijing might try to occupy China. A second note was written to all the major imperialist countries, stating that China's territory must be preserved and that equal and impartial trade with all parts of China must be maintained. (p. 417) |  | 43 |
| 6075536379 | big-stick policy | Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". By acting boldly and decisively in a number of situation, Roosevelt attempt to build the reputation of the United States as a world power. (p. 417) |  | 44 |
| 6075536380 | TR supports Panama revolt | In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt orchestrated a revolt for Panama's independence from Columbia. The revolt succeeded quickly and with little bloodshed. (p. 418) | | 45 |
| 6075536381 | Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) | In 1903, the Panama government signed this treaty with the United States. It granted the U.S. all rights to the 51 mile long and 10 mile wide Canal Zone, in exchange for U.S. protection. (p. 418) |  | 46 |
| 6075536382 | building the Panama Canal | This canal was started in 1904 and completed 10 years later. The building of this large canal was important because it would benefit American commerce and military capability. (p. 418) |  | 47 |
| 6075536383 | George Goethals | United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal. (p. 418) |  | 48 |
| 6075536384 | William Gorgas | Army physician who helped eradicate yellow fever and malaria from Panama, so work on the Panama Canal could proceed. (p. 418) |  | 49 |
| 6075536385 | Roosevelt Corollary | Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States would intervene in the Americas, on the behalf of European interests. (p. 418) |  | 50 |
| 6075536386 | Santo Domingo | The capital of the Dominican Republic. In 1904, European powers were ready to use military power here in order to force debt payments. (p. 418) |  | 51 |
| 6075536387 | Russo-Japanese War | In 1904, Russia and Japan went to war over imperial possessions in the region. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt arranged a successful treaty conference for the two foes at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. (p. 419) |  | 52 |
| 6075536388 | Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) | In 1905, the United States mediated the end of the Russo-Japanese War. Negotiating the treaty in the U.S. increased U.S. prestige. Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for the mediation. (p. 419) |  | 53 |
| 6075536389 | Nobel Peace Prize | For his work in settling the Russo-Japanese War, President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. (p. 420) |  | 54 |
| 6075536390 | segregation in San Francisco schools | In the early 20th century San Francisco schools required that Japanese American students attend segregated schools. In 1908, President Roosevelt worked out a "gentleman's agreement" with Japan, Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools and Japan would restrict the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States. (p. 420) |  | 55 |
| 6075536391 | gentlemen's agreement | In 1908, an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. President Roosevelt agreed that Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools in San Francisco and Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the U.S. (p. 420) |  | 56 |
| 6075536392 | Great White Fleet | Sixteen American battleships, painted white were sent around the world to display American naval power. (p. 4 ) |  | 57 |
| 6075536393 | Algeciras Conference | In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled. |  | 58 |
| 6075536394 | Hague Conference | An 1899 (first under McKinley) conference at which the Great Powers discussed arms reduction, demonstrated internationalism. |  | 59 |
| 6075536395 | Root-Takahira Agreement | 1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China. |  | 60 |
| 6075536396 | William Howard Taft | The 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court. |  | 61 |
| 6075536397 | role of American money |  | 62 | |
| 6075536398 | railroads in China | President Taft succeeded in securing American participation in agreement in 1911 to buy railroads in China with Germany and France, US was excluded from buying railroads in Manchuria because of joint agreement between Russia and Japan, direct defiance of Open Door Policy |  | 63 |
| 6075536399 | Manchurian problem | 64 | ||
| 6075536400 | intervention in Nicaragua | Taft sent marines here when a civil war broke out, help in financial affairs, remained until 1933 |  | 65 |
| 6075536401 | Henry Cabot Lodge | A Republican senator, he was in favor of the U.S. expanding around the world. He introduced the Lodge Corollary. (p. 411, 420) |  | 66 |
| 6075536402 | Lodge Corollary | In 1912, the Senate passed resolution to Monroe Doctrine. It stated that non-European powers (such as Japan) would be excluded from owning territory in Western Hemisphere. (p. 420) |  | 67 |
| 6075536403 | Woodrow Wilson | The 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize. |  | 68 |
| 6075536404 | anti-imperialism | The belief that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas and that the U.S. should just be a normal country and leave the other countries alone. | 69 | |
| 6075536405 | William Jennings Bryan | United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) |  | 70 |
| 6075536406 | Jones Act | In 1916 this act granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as stable government was achieved. (p. 422) |  | 71 |
| 6075536407 | Puerto Rico citizenship | In 1917 an act of Congress granted U.S. citizenship and limited self government for this island. (p. 422) |  | 72 |
| 6075536408 | Conciliation treaties | Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Bryan, project to negotiate treaties in which nations pledged to submit disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before taking military action | 73 | |
| 6075536409 | military intervention | Military action undertaken in order to change what is happening or might happen in another country | 74 | |
| 6075536410 | Mexican civil war | Wilson's moral approach to foreign affairs was severely tested by a revolution and civil war in Mexico. Wanting democracy to triumph there, he refused to recognize the military dictatorship of General Victoriano Huerta, who had seized power in Mexico in 1913 by arranging to assassinate the democratically elected president. |  | 75 |
| 6075536411 | General Huerta | Mexican revolutionary whose bloody regime Wilson reused to recognize and who nearly ended up fighting the United States in 1914 |  | 76 |
| 6075536412 | Tampico incident | In April 1914, some U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico. President Wilson used the incident to send U.S. troops into northern Mexico. His real intent was to unseat the Huerta government there. After the Niagara Falls Conference, Huerta abdicated and the confrontation ended. |  | 77 |
| 6075536413 | ABC powers | The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914. |  | 78 |
| 6075536414 | Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) who did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor. (p. 423) |  | 79 |
| 6075536415 | expeditionary force | The name given to the group set out to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico. (p. 423) |  | 80 |
| 6075536416 | John J. Pershing | The U.S. general who chased Pancho Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him. (p. 423) |  | 81 |
