AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 20 Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917
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| 6123898165 | William Seward | Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price. (p. 409) |  | 0 |
| 6123898166 | Monroe Doctrine | This doctrine stated that European powers could not interfere in the Western Hemisphere. In 1895 and 1896, the U.S. applied this doctrine to push Great Britain to arbitrate a boundary dispute between Venezuela and British colony of Guiana. (p. 412) |  | 1 |
| 6123898167 | French in Mexico | In 1865, Secretary of State William Seward invoked the Monroe Doctrine when Napoleon III sent French troops to occupy Mexico. He threatened U.S. military action unless France withdrew their troops, and they did. (p. 410) |  | 2 |
| 6123898168 | Alaska Purchase | In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 Million ("Seward's Folly"). (p. 410) |  | 3 |
| 6123898169 | Pan-American Conference (1889) | In 1889, this conference was called by Secretary of State James G. Blaine. It created an organization of cooperation between the United States and Latin American countries. (p. 412) |  | 4 |
| 6123898170 | James Blaine | In 1889, as secretary of state he arranged the first Pan-American Conference in Washington D.C. Various nations in the Western Hemisphere met to discuss trade and other issues. (p. 412) |  | 5 |
| 6123898171 | Venezuela boundary dispute | An issue between Venezuela and the neighbouring territory, the British colony of Guiana. The United States convince Great Britain to arbitrate the dispute. (p. 412) |  | 6 |
| 6123898172 | Cleveland and Olney | In 1895 and 1896, President Grover Cleveland and Secretary of State Richard Olney insisted that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the border dispute between Venezuela and the British colony of Guiana. (p. 412) |  | 7 |
| 6123898173 | Hawaii | In 1893, American settlers aided in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. President McKinley completed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898. (p. 415) |  | 8 |
| 6123898174 | Queen Liliuokalani | The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests. (p. 414) |  | 9 |
| 6123898175 | Cleveland blocks annexation | In 1893, President Grover Cleveland block the annexation of Hawaii because he opposed imperalism. However, in 1898, President McKinley did annex Hawaii. (p. 414) |  | 10 |
| 6123898176 | international Darwinism | Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest was applied not only to competition in the business world but also to competition among nations. Therefore, expansionist wanted the U.S. to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas. (p. 410) |  | 11 |
| 6123898177 | business and imperialists competitors | The United States was not alone in pursuing imperialism, which meant acquiring territory or gaining control over the political or economic life of other countries. Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan tried to influence or possess weaker countries around the world. (p. 410) |  | 12 |
| 6123898178 | spreading religion and science | Some Protestant Americans believed that the United States had a religious duty to colonize other lands in order to spread Christianity and our superior science technology. (p. 411) |  | 13 |
| 6123898179 | Josiah Strong | This reverend believed that Protestant American had a religious duty to colonize other lands in order to spread Christianity and the benefits of their superior civilization . (p. 411) |  | 14 |
| 6123898180 | expansionist politicians | Republican politicians generally endorsed the use of foreign affairs to search for new markets. (p. 411) |  | 15 |
| 6123898181 | steel and steam navy | By 1900, The United States had the third largest navy in the world. (p. 411) |  | 16 |
| 6123898182 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | He was a U.S. Navy captain whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of seapower changed how America viewed its navy. (p. 411) |  | 17 |
| 6123898183 | nationalist media | Newspapers and magazines published printed stories about ]distant and exotic places. This increased public interest and stimulated demands for a larger U.S. role in world affairs. (p. 411) |  | 18 |
| 6123898184 | Cuban revolt | In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where many died. (p. 413) |  | 19 |
| 6123898185 | Valeriano Weyler | A general sent by Spain to stop the Cuban revolt. He forced civilians into armed camps, where tens of thousands died of starvation and disease. (p. 413) |  | 20 |
| 6123898186 | jingoism | An intense form of nationalism calling for an aggressive foreign policy. (p. 412) |  | 21 |
| 6123898187 | yellow journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. (p. 413) |  | 22 |
| 6123898188 | De Lome Letter | Spanish Ambassador's letter that was leaked to the press and and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Many considered it an official Spanish insult against U.S. national honor. (p. 413) |  | 23 |
| 6123898189 | sinking of the Maine | On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine battleship exploded in Havana Harbor. The yellow press accused Spain of blowing up the ship even though experts later concluded that the explosion was probably an accident. (p. 413) |  | 24 |
| 6123898190 | Teller Amendment | A resolution authorizing war, but it promised the U.S. would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war. (p. 414) |  | 25 |
| 6123898191 | a splendid little war | The ambassador to England wrote to his friend, Teddy Roosevelt, with these words because of low casualties in the war against Spain. (p. 414) |  | 26 |
| 6123898192 | invade the Philippines | Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. fleet to the Philippines where he defeated Spain. (p. 414) |  | 27 |
| 6123898193 | George Dewey | A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay, Philippines in the Spanish-American War. (p. 414) |  | 28 |
| 6123898194 | Rough Riders | Volunteer regiment of U.S. Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War. (p. 414) |  | 29 |
| 6123898195 | Theodore Roosevelt | He became that 26th President in 1901. He as an expansionist who increased the size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". He added the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. His motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". He received the Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. (p. 417) |  | 30 |
| 6123898196 | Treaty of Paris: Puerto Rico | This treaty was signed on December 10, 1898 with Spain. It provided for: 1) Cuban independence, 2) Purchase of Puerto Rico and Guam, 3) Purchase of the Philippines. (p. 415) |  | 31 |
| 6123898197 | Guam and Philippines | On December 10, 1898, the Spanish-American War treaty was signed in Paris. Under the treaty the U.S. acquired Guam and also the Philippines. (p. 415) |  | 32 |
| 6123898198 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino nationalist leader who led guerrilla fighters in a three year war against U.S. control of the Philippines. (p. 415) |  | 33 |
| 6123898199 | Anti-Imperialist League | Lead by William Jennings Bryan, they opposed further expansion in the Pacific. (p. 415) |  | 34 |
| 6123898200 | Insular cases | A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901 to 1903 which arose when the United States acquired the Philippines and Puerto Rico. The court ruled that constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions and that the power to decide whether or not to grant such rights belonged to Congress. (p. 416) |  | 35 |
| 6123898201 | Platt Amendment | A 1901 amendment to an army appropriations bill that said Cuba would make no treaties that compromised its independence, permit the U.S. to maintain law and order in Cuba, and allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in Cuba. (p 416) |  | 36 |
| 6123898202 | spheres of influence | The term when countries came to dominate trade and investment within a particular region and shut out competitors. In the 1890s, Russia, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Germany were all establishing close ties with China that disturbed the United States. (p. 417) |  | 37 |
| 6123898203 | John Hay | In 1899, as William McKinley's secretary of state, he sent a note to all the major countries involved in trade with China. He asked them to accept the concept of an Open Door, by which all nations would have equal trading privileges in China. The replies that he got were evasive, so he declared that all nations had accepted the Open Door policy. (p. 416) |  | 38 |
| 6123898204 | Open Door Policy | A policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. (p. 416) |  | 39 |
| 6123898205 | Boxer Rebellion | A 1900 rebellion in Beijing, China that was started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". An international force marched into Beijing and crushed the rebellion. (p. 417) |  | 40 |
| 6123898206 | U.S. joined international force | To protect American lives and property, U.S. troops participated in an international force that marched into Peking (Beijing) and quickly crushed the rebellion of the Boxers. (p. 417) |  | 41 |
| 6123898207 | Second Hay Note | In 1900, the U.S. was fearful that the international force sent to Beijing might try to occupy China. A second note was written to all the major imperialist countries, stating that China's territory must be preserved and that equal and impartial trade with all parts of China must be maintained. (p. 417) |  | 42 |
| 6123898208 | big-stick policy | Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". By acting boldly and decisively in a number of situation, Roosevelt attempt to build the reputation of the United States as a world power. (p. 417) |  | 43 |
| 6123898209 | TR supports Panama revolt | In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt orchestrated a revolt for Panama's independence from Columbia. The revolt succeeded quickly and with little bloodshed. (p. 418) | | 44 |
| 6123898210 | Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) | In 1903, the Panama government signed this treaty with the United States. It granted the U.S. all rights to the 51 mile long and 10 mile wide Canal Zone, in exchange for U.S. protection. (p. 418) |  | 45 |
| 6123898211 | building the Panama Canal | This canal was started in 1904 and completed 10 years later. The building of this large canal was important because it would benefit American commerce and military capability. (p. 418) |  | 46 |
| 6123898212 | George Goethals | United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal. (p. 418) |  | 47 |
| 6123898213 | William Gorgas | Army physician who helped eradicate yellow fever and malaria from Panama, so work on the Panama Canal could proceed. (p. 418) |  | 48 |
| 6123898214 | Roosevelt Corollary | Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States would intervene in the Americas, on the behalf of European interests. (p. 418) |  | 49 |
| 6123898215 | Santo Domingo | The capital of the Dominican Republic. In 1904, European powers were ready to use military power here in order to force debt payments. (p. 418) |  | 50 |
| 6123898216 | Russo-Japanese War | In 1904, Russia and Japan went to war over imperial possessions in the region. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt arranged a successful treaty conference for the two foes at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. (p. 419) |  | 51 |
| 6123898217 | Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) | In 1905, the United States mediated the end of the Russo-Japanese War. Negotiating the treaty in the U.S. increased U.S. prestige. Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for the mediation. (p. 419) |  | 52 |
| 6123898218 | Nobel Peace Prize | For his work in settling the Russo-Japanese War, President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. (p. 420) |  | 53 |
| 6123898219 | segregation in San Francisco schools | In the early 20th century San Francisco schools required that Japanese American students attend segregated schools. In 1908, President Roosevelt worked out a "gentleman's agreement" with Japan, Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools and Japan would restrict the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States. (p. 420) |  | 54 |
| 6123898220 | gentlemen's agreement | In 1908, an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. President Roosevelt agreed that Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools in San Francisco and Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the U.S. (p. 420) |  | 55 |
| 6123898221 | Great White Fleet | Sixteen United States battleships, painted white, were sent around the world to display American naval power. (p. 419 ) |  | 56 |
| 6123898222 | Algeciras Conference | In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled. (p. 420) |  | 57 |
| 6123898223 | Hague Conference | In 1907, the Second International Peace Conference at the Hague discussed rules for limiting warfare. (p. 420) |  | 58 |
| 6123898224 | Root-Takahira Agreement | In 1908, this executive agreement between the United States and Japan pledged mutual respect for each nation's possessions in the Pacific region and support for the Open Door policy in China. (p. 419) |  | 59 |
| 6123898225 | William Howard Taft | The 27th President of the United States, from 1909 to 1913. He adopted a foreign policy that was mildly expansionist but depended more on investors' dollars than on the military. His policy of promoting U.S. trade by supporting American business abroad was known as dollar diplomacy. (p. 420) |  | 60 |
| 6123898226 | role of American money | President Taft believed that private U.S. investment in China and Central America would lead to greater stability there. His policy, was thwarted by growing anti-imperliasm both in the U.S. and overseas. (p. 420) |  | 61 |
| 6123898227 | railroads in China | In 1911, President Taft succeeded in securing American participation in agreement to invest in railroads in China along with Germany and France. (p. 420) |  | 62 |
| 6123898228 | Manchurian problem | In 1911, the U.S. was excluded from investing in railroads in Manchuria because of a joint agreement between Russia and Japan, which was in direct defiance of the Open Door Policy. (p. 420) |  | 63 |
| 6123898229 | intervention in Nicaragua | In 1912, President Taft sent military troops here when a civil war broke out. (p. 420) |  | 64 |
| 6123898230 | Henry Cabot Lodge | A Republican senator, he was in favor building U.S. power through global expansion. He introduced the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. (p. 411) |  | 65 |
| 6123898231 | Lodge Corollary | In 1912, the Senate passed this resolution as an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that non-European powers (such as Japan) would be excluded from owning territory in Western Hemisphere. (p. 420) |  | 66 |
| 6123898232 | Woodrow Wilson | The 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. This Democrats is known for his leadership during World War I, creating the Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification). He won the Nobel Peace Prize. (p. 421) |  | 67 |
| 6123898233 | anti-imperialism | President Woodrow Wilson differed from his Republican presidential predecessors. He believed that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas. (p. 421) |  | 68 |
| 6123898234 | William Jennings Bryan | In 1913, he was Woodrow Wilson's secretary of state. He tried to demonstrate that the U.S. respected other nations' rights and would support the spread of democracy. (p. 421) |  | 69 |
| 6123898235 | Jones Act | In 1916, this act granted the Philippines full territorial status, guaranteed a bill of rights and universal male suffrage to Filipinos, and promised independence for the Philippines as soon as a stable government was established. (p. 422) |  | 70 |
| 6123898236 | Puerto Rico citizenship | In 1917, an act of Congress granted U.S. citizenship and limited self government for this island. (p. 422) |  | 71 |
| 6123898237 | Conciliation treaties | Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan. Bryan negotiated treaties in which nations pledged to submit disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before taking military action. Thirty of these treaties were negotiated. (p. 422) | | 72 |
| 6123898238 | military intervention | President Woodrow Wilson used military action to influence Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. (p. 423) |  | 73 |
| 6123898239 | Mexican civil war | President Wilson's moral approach to foreign affairs was severely tested by a revolution and civil war in Mexico. He refused to recognize the military dictatorship of General Victoriano Huerta, who had seized power in Mexico in 1913 by arranging to assassinate the democratically elected president. (p. 423) |  | 74 |
| 6123898240 | General Huerta | In 1913, this Mexican revolutionary seized power in Mexico by killing the democratically elected president. (p. 423) |  | 75 |
| 6123898241 | Tampico incident | In April 1914, some U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico. President Wilson used the incident to send U.S. troops into northern Mexico. His real intent was to unseat the Huerta government there. After the Niagara Falls Conference, Huerta abdicated and the confrontation ended. (p. 423) |  | 76 |
| 6123898242 | ABC powers | The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914. (p. 423) |  | 77 |
| 6123898243 | Pancho Villa | This Mexican leader led raids across the U.S.-Mexican border and murdered several people in Texas and New Mexico. (p. 423) |  | 78 |
| 6123898244 | expeditionary force | The name given to the group sent to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico. (p. 423) |  | 79 |
| 6123898245 | John J. Pershing | The U.S. general who chased Pancho Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him. (p. 423) |  | 80 |
