AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 21 The Progressive Era, 1901-1917
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| 8881325677 | Progressives | Most of this were urban middle-class men and women. They included: doctors, lawyers, ministers, storekeepers, office workers, and middle managers. They hoped to create an idealistic American society cured of its social, political, and economic ills. (p. 432) |  | 0 |
| 8881325678 | Lincoln Steffans | He wrote "The Shame of the Cities" (1904) which described in detail the corruption that characterized big-city politics. (p. 434) |  | 1 |
| 8881325679 | Ida Tarbell | A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1902 series "The History of the Standard Oil Company". (p. 434) |  | 2 |
| 8881325680 | Jacob Riis | In 1890, he wrote "How The Other Half Lives", which showed the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. (p. 434) |  | 3 |
| 8881325681 | direct primary | A nominating process where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office. (p. 435) |  | 4 |
| 8881325682 | Robert La Follett | In 1903, this Progressive Wisconsin Governor introduced a new system which allowed the voters to directly choose party candidates (direct primary), rather than being selected by party bosses. (p. 435) |  | 5 |
| 8881325683 | Seventeenth Amendment | In 1913, this constitutional amendment was passed. It required that all U.S. senators be elected by a popular vote. (p. 435) |  | 6 |
| 8881325684 | initiative | This political reform allowed people to submit new legislature to the voters in a general direct election. (p. 435) |  | 7 |
| 8881325685 | referendum | A political reform by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. (p. 435) | 8 | |
| 8881325686 | recall | This political reform allowed voters to remove a politician from office before their term was completed. (p. 435) | 9 | |
| 8881325687 | Prohibition | By 1915, two-thirds of the states had passed these laws which prohibited the sale of alcohol. (p 437) |  | 10 |
| 8881325688 | National Child Labor Committee | They proposed child labor laws which were adopted by many of the states. (p. 437) |  | 11 |
| 8881325689 | compulsory school attendance | Many states passed these laws, which made it mandatory for children to go to public schools. (p. 437) |  | 12 |
| 8881325690 | Triangle Shirtwaist fire | In 1911, a high-rise garment factory burned, killing 146 people, mostly women. (p. 437) |  | 13 |
| 8881325691 | Square Deal | Economic policy by President Theodore Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers. (p. 438) |  | 14 |
| 8881325692 | trust-busting | President Theodore Roosevelt broke up the railroads and Standard Oil by using the Sherman Antitrust Act. (p. 438) |  | 15 |
| 8881325693 | "bad" trusts | According to President Theodore Roosevelt, these types of trusts harmed the public and stifled competition, and should be broken up. (p. 438) |  | 16 |
| 8881325694 | "good" trusts | According to President Theodore Roosevelt, these types of trusts dominated a market through efficiency and low prices, and should be regulated by the government rather than broken up. (p. 438) | 17 | |
| 8881325695 | Upton Sinclair | He wrote "The Jungle" which described the problems within the Chicago stockyards and meatpacking industry. (p. 438) |  | 18 |
| 8881325696 | Pure Food and Drug Act | This 1906 act forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. (p. 438) |  | 19 |
| 8881325697 | Meat Inspection Act | This 1906 act provided federal inspectors to visit meatpacking plants to insure that they met sanitation standards. (p. 439) |  | 20 |
| 8881325698 | Newlands Reclamation Act | A 1902 act that provide public land for irrigation projects in western states. (p. 439) |  | 21 |
| 8881325699 | Socialist Party of America | This third party was dedicated to the welfare of the working class. Their platform called for radical reforms such as public ownership of the railroads, utilities, and even some major industries such as oil and steel. (p. 440) |  | 22 |
| 8881325700 | Eugene V. Debs | One of the founders of the Socialist party and the party's presidential candidate from 1900 to 1920. (p. 440) |  | 23 |
| 8881325701 | Bull Moose Party | Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to nominate Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 presidential election. (p. 441) |  | 24 |
| 8881325702 | New Nationalism | In the election of 1912, the Theodore Roosevelt called for more government regulation of business and unions, women's suffrage (voting rights), and more social welfare programs. (p. 441) |  | 25 |
| 8881325703 | New Freedom | In the election of 1912, Woodrow Wilson supported limiting both big business and big government, bringing about reform by ending corruption, and reviving competition by supporting small business. | 26 | |
| 8881325704 | Sixteenth Amendment | Ratified in 1913, this constitutional amendment, explicitly permitted Congress to levy a federal income tax. (p. 439) |  | 27 |
| 8881325705 | Federal Reserve Act | In 1914, this act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. It still plays a major role in the American economy today. (p. 442) |  | 28 |
| 8881325706 | Clayton Antitrust Act | In 1914, this antitrust legislation strengthened the provisions in the Sherman Antitrust Act for breaking up monopolies. It exempted unions from being prosecuted as trusts. (p. 442) |  | 29 |
| 8881325707 | Federal Trade Commision | A federal regulatory agency, established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy. (p. 442) |  | 30 |
| 8881325708 | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | This organization's mission was to abolish all forms of segregation and to increase educational opportunities for African Americans. (p. 444) |  | 31 |
| 8881325709 | Carrie Chapman Catt | A suffragette, she worked to obtain the right for women to vote. She was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. (p. 445) |  | 32 |
| 8881325710 | National American Woman Suffrage Association | A group formed in the late 1800s to organize the women's suffrage movement. They focused on winning the women's vote through state suffrage laws. (p. 445) |  | 33 |
| 8881325711 | Alice Paul | A suffragette who focused on obtaining an amendment to the Constitution for women's suffrage (voting rights). (p. 445) |  | 34 |
| 8881325712 | Nineteenth Amendment | In 1920, this amendment passed which gave women the right to vote. (p. 445) |  | 35 |
| 8881325713 | League of Woman Voters | Organized by Carrie Chapman Catt. A civic organization dedicated to keeping voters informed about candidates and issues. (p. 445) |  | 36 |
| 8881325714 | Margaret Sanger | She founded an organization the became Panned Parenthood. They advocated for birth-control education. (p. 445) |  | 37 |
| 8881325715 | Allied Powers | In World War I, Great Britain, France, and Russia were known by this name. (p. 455) |  | 38 |
| 8881325716 | Central Powers | In World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire were known by this name. (p. 455) |  | 39 |
| 8881325717 | neutrality | A declaration of a country that it will not choose sides in a war. The Unites States was a neutral country at the beginning of World War I. (p. 455) |  | 40 |
| 8881325718 | submarine warfare | Germany's greatest hope against British sea power was this new type of warfare. (p. 455) |  | 41 |
| 8881325719 | Lusitania | On May 7, 1915 a British passenger ship was sunk by German torpedoes and 128 American passengers died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, and moved the country towards war. (p. 455). |  | 42 |
| 8881325720 | election of 1916 | Election between Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) and Charles Evans Hughes (Republican). Wilson won the election, his slogan was: "He kept us out of war". (p. 458) |  | 43 |
| 8881325721 | Zimmermann telegram | In March 1917, the U.S. newspapers carried the story that Britain had intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the U.S. (p. 459) |  | 44 |
| 8881325722 | Russian Revolution | The revolution against the autocratic tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a republic in March 1917. (p. 459) |  | 45 |
| 8881325723 | war industry boards | During World War I, they set production priorities and established centralized control over raw materials and prices. (P. 460) |  | 46 |
| 8881325724 | Food Administration | During World War I, this government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food for overseas shipment to the troops. (p. 460) |  | 47 |
| 8881325725 | Railroad Administration | During World War I, this agency took public control of the railroads to coordinate traffic and promote standard equipment. (p. 460) |  | 48 |
| 8881325726 | Selective Service Act | In 1917, this law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. Men were chosen by lottery. Eventually, 2.8 million were called by lottery, in addition to the nearly 2 million who volunteered. (p. 462) |  | 49 |
| 8881325727 | Committee on Public Information | A propaganda organization that created numerous posters, short films, and pamphlets explaining the war to Americans and encouraging them to purchase war bonds to gain support for World War I. (p. 461) |  | 50 |
| 8881325728 | anti-German hysteria | During World War I, Germans were labeled as the cause of the war and targeted with negative ads and comments. (p. 461) |  | 51 |
| 8881325729 | Espionage Act | In 1917, this law imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. (p. 461) |  | 52 |
| 8881325730 | Sedition Act | In 1918, this law made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment. About 1000 people were jailed because of the law, one of them was Eugene Debs. (p. 461) |  | 53 |
| 8881325731 | Schenck v. United States | A 1919 Supreme Court case, in which the constitutionality of the Espionage Act was upheld in the case of a man who was imprisoned for distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to public safety. (p. 461) |  | 54 |
| 8881325732 | Great Migration | During World War I, many African Americans began to move to the North for new job opportunities. (p. 462) |  | 55 |
| 8881325733 | American Expeditionary Force | In the summer of 1918, hundreds of thousands of American troops went to France as members of this force under General John J. Pershing. (p. 463) |  | 56 |
| 8881325734 | John J. Pershing | U.S. general who led the American Expeditionary Force into France in World War I. (p. 463) |  | 57 |
| 8881325735 | Western front | In World War I, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allied Powers and the Central Powers battled each other. (p. 463) |  | 58 |
| 8881325736 | November 11, 1918 | On this date, Germany signed a World War I armistice in which they agreed to surrender their arms, give up much of their navy, and evacuate occupied territory. (p. 463) |  | 59 |
| 8881325737 | Fourteen Points | After the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace. It called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms, and a general association of nations. (p. 464) |  | 60 |
| 8881325738 | Treaty of Versailles | The World War I peace conference which included the victorious Allied Powers (United States, Great Britain, and France). The defeated Germany agreed to the following terms: 1) Germany had to disarm. 2) Germany had to pay war reparations. 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing the war. 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. 5) Germany had to accept French occupation of the Rhineland for 15 years. 6) Territories taken from Germany: Austria-Hungary, and Russia were given their independence (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) 7) Signers joined the League of Nations which includes Article X; that each member nation would stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations. (p. 465) |  | 61 |
| 8881325739 | self determination | In World War I, territories one controlled by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia were taken by the Allies. Applying the principle of self-determination, independence was granted to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Poland; and the new nations of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were established. (p. 465) |  | 62 |
| 8881325740 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation. However, it was greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. (p. 466) |  | 63 |
| 8881325741 | Article X | The Treaty of Versailles required signers join the League of Nations. The League of Nations charter, Article X, called on each member nation to be ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations. (p. 465) |  | 64 |
| 8881325742 | Henry Cabot Lodge | In 1919, after World War I, he led a group of senators known as the "reservationists", who would accept the U.S. joining the League of Nations if certain reservations were added to the agreement. The United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles nor joined the League of Nations. (p. 466) |  | 65 |
| 8881325743 | Irreconcilables | In 1919, senators who voted against the Treaty of Versailles because it required the United States to join the League of Nations. (p. 466) |  | 66 |
| 8881325744 | Reservationists | In 1919, senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made. They were led by Henry Cabot Lodge. (p. 466) |  | 67 |
| 8881325745 | recession | A short depression. In 1921, the U.S. plunged into a short depression and 10 percent of the workforce was unemployed. (p. 467) |  | 68 |
| 8881325746 | First Red Scare | After World War I, anti-communist hysteria caused this phenomenon. (p. 467) |  | 69 |
| 8881325747 | Palmer raids | Prompted by a series of unexplained bombings, in 1920, this operation was coordinated by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer. Federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations in many cities. (p. 467) |  | 70 |
| 8881325748 | xenophobia | Intense or irrational dislike of foreign peoples. (p. 467) |  | 71 |
| 8881325749 | race riots | The migration of African Americans to the north led to rioting in East St. Louis and Chicago, where 40 people were killed. (p. 467) |  | 72 |
