AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 22 World War I and its Aftermath, 1914-1920
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| 6405456425 | Allied Powers | In World War I, Great Britain, France, and Russia were known by this name. (p. 455) |  | 0 |
| 6405456426 | Central Powers | In World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire were known by this name. (p. 455) |  | 1 |
| 6405456427 | neutrality | A declaration of a country that it will not choose sides in a war. The Unites States was a neutral country at the beginning of World War I. (p. 455) |  | 2 |
| 6405456428 | submarine warfare | Germany's greatest hope against British sea power was this new type of warfare. (p. 455) |  | 3 |
| 6405456429 | Lusitania | On May 7, 1915 a British passenger ship was sunk by German torpedoes and 128 American passengers died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, and moved the country towards war. (p. 455). |  | 4 |
| 6405456430 | Sussex Pledge | In March 1916 an unarmed merchant ship, the Sussex, was sunk by the Germans. Germany made a pledge that they would not sink anymore merchant ships without warning. This kept the U.S. out of the war for a little while longer. (p. 456) |  | 5 |
| 6405456431 | propaganda | Britain controlled the daily war news that was cabled to the United States. They supplied the American press with many stories of German soldier committing atrocities. (p. 457) |  | 6 |
| 6405456432 | ethnic support | In the early part of World War I Americans supported neutrality. However, 30 per-cent were first or second generation immigrants and their support was usually based on their ancestry. (p. 456) |  | 7 |
| 6405456433 | preparedness | The United States was not prepared to fight a war and initial President Wilson resisted action. However, in late 1915 he pushed for an expansion of the armed forces. (p. 458) |  | 8 |
| 6405456434 | election of 1916 | Election between Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) and Charles Evans Hughes (Republican). Wilson won the election, his slogan was: "He kept us out of war". (p. 458) |  | 9 |
| 6405456435 | Robert LaFollette | This Congressman was one of the few who voted against the World War I declaration of war. (p. 460) |  | 10 |
| 6405456436 | Jeanette Rankin | The first woman to serve in Congress. She one of the few in Congress who voted against the World War I declaration of war. (p. 460) |  | 11 |
| 6405456437 | Edward House | In 1915, he was President Wilson chief foreign policy adviser. He traveled to London, Paris, and Berlin to negotiate a peace settlement, but was unsuccessful. (p. 459) |  | 12 |
| 6405456438 | Zimmermann telegram | In March 1917, the U.S. newspapers carried the story that Britain had intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the U.S. (p. 459) |  | 13 |
| 6405456439 | Russian Revolution | The revolution against the autocratic tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a republic in March 1917. (p. 459) |  | 14 |
| 6405456440 | declaration of war | In April 1917, President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany. (p. 460) |  | 15 |
| 6405456441 | war industry boards | During World War I, they set production priorities and established centralized control over raw materials and prices. (P. 460) |  | 16 |
| 6405456442 | Food Administration | During World War I, this government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food for overseas shipment to the troops. (p. 460) |  | 17 |
| 6405456443 | Railroad Administration | During World War I, this agency took public control of the railroads to coordinate traffic and promote standard equipment. (p. 460) |  | 18 |
| 6405456444 | National War Labor Board | During World War I, former president William Howard Taft led this organization, which arbitrated disputes between workers and employers. (p. 461) |  | 19 |
| 6405456445 | taxes and bonds | President Wilson raised $33 million in two years by increasing taxes and selling Liberty Bonds. (p. 461) |  | 20 |
| 6405456446 | Selective Service Act | In 1917, this law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. Men were chosen by lottery. Eventually, 2.8 million were called by lottery, in addition to the nearly 2 million who volunteered. (p. 462) |  | 21 |
| 6405456447 | service of African Americans | In World War I, nearly 400,000 African Americans served in segregated military units. (p 462) |  | 22 |
| 6405456448 | Committee on Public Information | A propaganda organization that created numerous posters, short films, and pamphlets explaining the war to Americans and encouraging them to purchase war bonds to gain support for World War I. (p. 461) |  | 23 |
| 6405456449 | George Creel | Head of the Committee on Public Information. He persuaded the nation's artists and advertising agencies to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war. (p. 461) |  | 24 |
| 6405456450 | anti-German hysteria | During World War I, Germans were labeled as the cause of the war and targeted with negative ads and comments. (p. 461) |  | 25 |
| 6405456451 | Espionage Act | In 1917, this law imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. (p. 461) |  | 26 |
| 6405456452 | Sedition Act | In 1918, this law made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment. About 1000 people were jailed because of the law, one of them was Eugene Debs. (p. 461) |  | 27 |
| 6405456453 | Eugene Debs | He was one of the founders of the Socialist party that was dedicated to the welfare of the working class. Starting in 1900, he was the Socialist party's presidential nominee in five elections. Around 1920, he was sentenced to ten years in federal prison for speaking out against World War I. (p. 440, 461) |  | 28 |
| 6405456454 | Schenck v. United States | A 1919 Supreme Court case, in which the constitutionality of the Espionage Act was upheld in the case of a man who was imprisoned for distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to public safety. (p. 461) |  | 29 |
| 6405456455 | wartime jobs for women | As men joined the military many of their former jobs were taken by women. (p. 462) |  | 30 |
| 6405456456 | attitudes toward suffrage | Women's contribution to the war effort prompted President Wilson and Congress to support the 19th amendment. (p. 462) |  | 31 |
| 6405456457 | migration of blacks and Hispanics | During World War I, many Mexicans crossed the border to take jobs in agriculture and mining. African Americans moved to the North for new job opportunities. (p. 462) |  | 32 |
| 6405456458 | Bolsheviks withdraw | A second revolution in Russia by Bolsheviks (Communists) took it out of World War I. (p. 463) |  | 33 |
| 6405456459 | American Expeditionary Force | In the summer of 1918, hundreds of thousands of American troops went to France as members of this force under General John J. Pershing. (p. 463) |  | 34 |
| 6405456460 | John J. Pershing | U.S. general who led the American Expeditionary Force into France in World War I. (p. 463) |  | 35 |
| 6405456461 | Western front | In World War I, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allied Powers and the Central Powers battled each other. (p. 463) |  | 36 |
| 6405456462 | November 11, 1918 | On this date, Germany signed a World War I armistice in which they agreed to surrender their arms, give up much of their navy, and evacuate occupied territory. (p. 463) |  | 37 |
| 6405456463 | peace without victory | In January 1917, before the U.S. had entered the war, Woodrow Wilson said the the United States would insist on this. (p. 464) |  | 38 |
| 6405456464 | Fourteen Points | After the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace. It called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms, and a general association of nations. (p. 464) |  | 39 |
| 6405456465 | Wilson in Paris | In January 1919, President Wilson traveled to the World War I peace conference held at the Palace of Versailles outside Paris. (p. 464) |  | 40 |
| 6405456466 | Big Four | The term for the the four most important leaders (on the Allied side) during Word War I and at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson - United States, David Lloyd George - Great Britain, George Clemenceau - France, and Vittorio Orlando - Italy. (p. 465) |  | 41 |
| 6405456467 | Treaty of Versailles | The World War I peace conference which included the victorious Allied Powers (United States, Great Britain, and France). The defeated Germany agreed to the following terms: 1) Germany had to disarm. 2) Germany had to pay war reparations. 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing the war. 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. 5) Germany had to accept French occupation of the Rhineland for 15 years. 6) Territories taken from Germany: Austria-Hungary, and Russia were given their independence (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) 7) Signers joined the League of Nations which includes Article X; that each member nation would stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations. (p. 465) |  | 42 |
| 6405456468 | self determination | In World War I, territories one controlled by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia were taken by the Allies. Applying the principle of self-determination, independence was granted to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Poland; and the new nations of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were established. (p. 465) |  | 43 |
| 6405456469 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation. However, it was greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. (p. 466) |  | 44 |
| 6405456470 | Article X | The Treaty of Versailles required signers join the League of Nations. The League of Nations charter, Article X, called on each member nation to be ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations. (p. 465) |  | 45 |
| 6405456471 | election of 1918 | In this mid-term congressional election Republicans gained control of both houses of Congress. This was a problem for Democrat President Woodrow Wilson because he need Republican votes to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. (p. 466) |  | 46 |
| 6405456472 | Henry Cabot Lodge | In 1919, after World War I, he led a group of senators known as the "reservationists", who would accept the U.S. joining the League of Nations if certain reservations were added to the agreement. The United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles nor joined the League of Nations. (p. 466) |  | 47 |
| 6405456473 | Irreconcilables | In 1919, senators who voted against the Treaty of Versailles because it required the United States to join the League of Nations. (p. 466) |  | 48 |
| 6405456474 | Reservationists | In 1919, senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made. They were led by Henry Cabot Lodge. (p. 466) |  | 49 |
| 6405456475 | Wilson's stroke | President Woodrow Wilson went on a speaking tour to rally public support for the Treaty of Versailles which required joining the League of Nations. In September 1919, he collapsed after delivering a speech in Colorado. He returned to Washington and a few days later suffered a massive stroke from which he never recovered. (p. 466) |  | 50 |
| 6405456476 | rejection of treaty | The Treaty of Versailles required the U.S. to join the League of Nations. It was never ratified by Congress. (p. 466) |  | 51 |
| 6405456477 | recession, loss of jobs | In 1921, the U.S. plunged into recession and 10 percent of the workforce was unemployed. (p. 467) |  | 52 |
| 6405456478 | falling farm prices | After World War I, European farm product came back on the market, farm prices fell, which hurt farmers in the United States. (p. 466) |  | 53 |
| 6405456479 | Red Scare | After World War I, anti-communist hysteria caused this phenomenon. (p. 467) |  | 54 |
| 6405456480 | anti-radical hysteria | After World War I, xenophobia, (intense or irrational dislike of foreign people) increased. This lead to restrictions of immigration in the 1920s. (p. 467) |  | 55 |
| 6405456481 | Palmer raids | Prompted by a series of unexplained bombings, in 1920, this operation was coordinated by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer. Federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations in many cities. (p. 467) |  | 56 |
| 6405456482 | xenophobia | Intense or irrational dislike of foreign peoples. (p. 467) |  | 57 |
| 6405456483 | strikes of 1919 | Major strike in Seattle where 60,000 unionists held a peaceful strike for higher pay. Boston police went on strike to protest firing of police officers who tried to unionize and Governor Calvin Coolidge sent in National Guard. U.S. Steel Corporation had a strike, after considerable violence, the strike was broken by state and federal troops. (p. 467) |  | 58 |
| 6405456484 | Boston police strike | Officers went on strike to protest the firing of a few officers because they tried to unionize. (p. 467) |  | 59 |
| 6405456485 | race riots | The migration of African Americans to the north led to rioting in East St. Louis and Chicago, where 40 people were killed. (p. 467) |  | 60 |
