AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 25 Diplomacy and World War II, 1929-1945
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| 9318247154 | Good Neighbor Policy | President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force in the region. (p. 523) | 0 | |
| 9318247155 | Pan-American conferences | In 1933, the United States attended a conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, in which we pledged to never again intervene in the internal affairs of any Latin American country. At a second conference in 1936, the U.S. agreed to the cooperation between the U.S. and Latin American countries to defend the Western Hemisphere against foreign invasion. (p. 523) | 1 | |
| 9318247156 | Mussolini | He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945, he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance. (p. 524) | 2 | |
| 9318247157 | Nazis | This party arose in 1920's Germany in reaction to deplorable economic conditions after war and national resentments over the Treaty of Versailles. By 1933, the party under leader Adolph Hitler, had gained control of the German legislature. (p. 524) | 3 | |
| 9318247158 | Hitler | Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in the book Mein Kampf attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide in 1945, when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent. (p. 524) | 4 | |
| 9318247159 | Axis Powers | Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II. | 5 | |
| 9318247161 | Franco | In 1936, he plunged Spain into a Civil War. By 1939, Franco's Fascist had established a military dictatorship. (p. 525) |  | 6 |
| 9318247162 | Rhineland | In 1936, Adolf Hitler invaded this region. This was in violation of the Treaty of Versailles which had declared the area a demilitarized zone. (p. 526) | 7 | |
| 9318247163 | Sudetenland | In 1938, Hitler insisted Germany had the right to take over an area in western Czechoslovakia. (p. 526) | 8 | |
| 9318247164 | appeasement | A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. In the years 1935 to 1938, a series of military actions by Fascist dictatorships made Britain, France, and the United States nervous, but they did nothing to stop the actions. * 1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia * 1936 - German troops invade the Rhineland * 1937 - Japan invades China * 1938 - Germany takes the Sudetenland (p. 526) |  | 9 |
| 9318247165 | Nye Committee | In 1934, a Senate committee led by South Dakota Senator Gerald Nye to investigate why America became involved in World War I. They concluded that bankers and arm manufacturers pushed the U.S. into the war so they could profit from selling military arms. This committee's work pushed America toward isolationism for the following years. (p. 525) |  | 10 |
| 9318247166 | Neutrality Acts | Laws passed by isolationists in the late 1930s, that were designed to keep the United States out of international wars. (p. 525) |  | 11 |
| 9318247167 | America First Committee | In 1940, after World War II had begun in Asia and Europe, isolationists became alarmed by President Roosevelt's support for Britain. To mobilize American public opinion against the war, they formed this committee. Charles A. Lindbergh was one of it spokesmen. (p. 525) | 12 | |
| 9318247168 | Lindbergh | In 1927, this U.S. aviator thrilled the world, by making the first nonstop flight from Long Island to Paris. In 1940, he was a speaker for the isolationist America First Committee. (p. 480, 525) |  | 13 |
| 9318247169 | Quarantine speech | In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made this speech after Japan invaded China. He proposed that democracies act together to "quarantine" Japan. Public reaction to the speech by the American public was negative, and the idea was abandoned. (p. 526) |  | 14 |
| 9318247170 | cash and carry | Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality, while aiding Great Britain. Great Britain could buy U.S. military arms if it paid in full and used its own ships to transport them. (p. 528) |  | 15 |
| 9318247171 | Lend-Lease Act | In March 1941, this act permitted Britain to obtain all U.S. arms they needed on credit during World War II. (p. 529) | 16 | |
| 9318247172 | Atlantic Charter | In August 1941, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill met aboard a ship off the coast of Newfoundland. They created this agreement which outlined the principles for peace after the war. (p. 530) | 17 | |
| 9318247173 | Pearl Harbor | On December 7, 1941, a date that will live in infamy, this U.S. naval base in Honolulu, Hawaii was bombed by Japanese planes. 2,400 Americans were killed and 20 warships were sunk or severely damaged. The next day, the United States declared war on Japan. (p. 531) |  | 18 |
| 9318247174 | War Production Board | During World War II, President Roosevelt established this agency to allocated scarce materials, limit or stop the production of civilian goods, and distribute contracts among competing manufacturers. (p. 531) | 19 | |
| 9318247175 | Office of Price Administration | This World War II federal agency regulated most aspects of civilian lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing commodities in order to control inflation. (p. 532) |  | 20 |
| 9318247176 | Manhattan Project | Code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II. (p. 532) |  | 21 |
| 9318247178 | Smith v. Allwright | This Supreme Court case in 1944 ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to African Americans as a way of excluding them from voting in primaries. (p. 533) |  | 22 |
| 9318247179 | Braceros program | A program the American and Mexican governments agreed to, in which contract laborers would be admitted to the United States for a limited time as migrant farm workers (p. 533) |  | 23 |
| 9318247180 | Japanese internment | In 1942, over 100,000 Japanese Americans living on the United States West coast were rounded up and put in internment camps. (p. 534) |  | 24 |
| 9318247181 | Korematsu v. U.S. | A 1944 Supreme Court case which upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay financial compensation to each survivor. (p. 534) | 25 | |
| 9318247182 | Rosie the Riveter | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in industrial jobs in the shipyards and defense plants during World War II. (p. 534) | 26 | |
| 9318247183 | Truman | He became president on April 12, 1945, when President Franklin Roosevelt died suddenly. In August 1945, he order an atomic bomb be dropped on Hiroshima then on Nagasaki, to end the war with Japan. Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945. (p. 537, 538) |  | 27 |
| 9318247184 | Eisenhower | The United States general who commanded the invasion of Normandy (D-Day), Casablanca and the defeat of Nazi Germany. (p. 536) |  | 28 |
| 9318247185 | D-Day | On June 6, 1944 the Allies landed in northern France with the largest invasion by sea in history. By the end of August Paris was liberated from the Nazis, and by September Allied troops had crossed the German border. (p. 536) |  | 29 |
| 9318247186 | Holocaust | A methodical plan, orchestrated by Germany's Adolph Hitler to eliminate Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. Six million Jews and several million non-Jews would be murdered by the Nazis. (p. 536) |  | 30 |
| 9318247187 | island-hopping | The United States strategy in the Pacific, which called for capturing Japanese-held islands in the Pacific and moving on to others to bring the American military closer and closer to Japan itself. (p. 536) |  | 31 |
| 9318247188 | Battle of Midway | On June 4-7, 1942, the U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet at Midway Island. The Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. The battle marked a turning point in the war in the Pacific. (p. 536) |  | 32 |
| 9318247189 | Oppenheimer | American theoretical physicist and professor of physics. He led the top-secret Manhattan Project, which built the world's first atomic bomb. (p. 537) |  | 33 |
| 9318247190 | Hiroshima and Nagasaki | On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Then on August 9, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. About 250,000 Japanese died as a result. Within a week after the second bomb was dropped, Japan agreed to surrender. (p. 537) |  | 34 |
| 9318247191 | Big Three | The leaders of the Allies during World War II included: Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin, Great Britain - Winston Churchill, United States - Franklin Roosevelt. (p. 537) |  | 35 |
| 9318247192 | Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam | The three cities that held conferences for the leaders of the Allied powers, United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union during World War II. (p. 538) |  | 36 |
| 9318247193 | United Nations | On October 24, 1945, this international organization formed after World War II to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. (p. 539) |  | 37 |
| 9318303075 | Italian Fascist Party | An Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of an ideal race | 38 | |
| 9318309229 | FDR, Third term | This president faced some criticism for running again because there was an unwritten rule in American politics that no U.S. president should serve more than two terms. | 39 | |
| 9318315069 | Willkie | An American lawyer and corporate executive, and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. He appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field's only interventionist | 40 | |
| 9318321000 | Election of 1944 | When Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Thomas E. Dewey and thus secured his fourth term as president. | 41 |
