AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 25 Diplomacy and World War II, 1929-1945
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| 5522620677 | Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force in the region. (p. 523) |  | 0 |
| 5522620678 | Pan-American conferences | Conferences Blaine that created an organization of cooperation between the U.S. and Latin American countries to defend Western Hemisphere against foreign invasion. (p. 523) |  | 1 |
| 5522620679 | Soviet Union recognized | The Republican presidents of the 1920's had refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the Communist regime that ruled the Soviet Union. Roosevelt promptly changed this policy by granting recognition in 1933. (p. 524) |  | 2 |
| 5522620680 | Independence for Philippines | In 1934 Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass the Tydings-McDuffie Act which provided independence for the Philippines by 1946. (p. 524) |  | 3 |
| 5522620681 | reciprocal trade agreements | In 1934 Congress enacted a plan that would reduce tariffs for nations that reciprocated with comparable reductions for U.S. imports. (p. 524) |  | 4 |
| 5522620682 | Japan takes Manchuria | In September 1931 Japanese troops invaded Manchuria, on China's eastern seaboard. The League of Nations passed a resolution condemning the action but did not take action. (p. 521) |  | 5 |
| 5522620683 | Stimson Doctrine | In 1932 Secretary of State Henry Stimson said the United States would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria. (p. 522) |  | 6 |
| 5522620684 | fascism | A political system in which people glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force. Economic hardships led to the rise of led to the rise of military dictatorships first in Italy, then in Japan and Germany. (p. 524) |  | 7 |
| 5522620685 | Italian Fascist party | In 1922 they seized power in Italy. They attracted dissatisfied war veterans, nationalists, and those afraid of rising communism. They marched on Rome and installed Mussolini in power. (p. 524) |  | 8 |
| 5522620686 | Benito Mussolini | He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance. (p. 524) |  | 9 |
| 5522620687 | Ethiopia | In 1935 fascist Italy invaded this African nation. (p. 526) |  | 10 |
| 5522620688 | German Nazi party | This party arose in 1920's Germany in reaction to deplorable economic conditions after war and national resentments over the Treaty of Versailles. By 1933 the party under leader Adolph Hitler had gained control of the German legislature. (p. 524) |  | 11 |
| 5522620689 | Adolf Hitler | Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in the book Mein Kampf attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide in 1945 when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent. (p. 524) |  | 12 |
| 5522620690 | Axis Powers | Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II. |  | 13 |
| 5522620691 | Spanish Civil War | In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war and by 1939 Franco's Fascist established a military dictatorship. (p. 525) |  | 14 |
| 5522620692 | Francisco Franco | In 1936 he plunged Spain into a Civil War. By 1939 Franco's Fascist had established a military dictatorship. (p. 525) |  | 15 |
| 5522620693 | Rhineland | In 1936 Adolf Hitler invaded this region. This was in violation of the Treaty of Versailles which had declared the area a demilitarized zone. (p. 526) |  | 16 |
| 5522620694 | Sudetenland | In 1938 Hitler insisted Germany had the right to take over an area in western Czechoslovakia. (p. 526) |  | 17 |
| 5522620695 | Munich | A 1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further. (p. 526) |  | 18 |
| 5522620696 | appeasement | A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler. |  | 19 |
| 5522620697 | Poland; blitzkrieg | On September 1, 1939 German invaded this country using overwhelming air power and fast-moving tanks, a term of warfare called lighting war. (p. 528) |  | 20 |
| 5522620698 | isolationism | A policy of non-participation in international economic and political relations. A 1934 committee led by Senator Gerald Nye concluded the main reason for participation in World War I was because of the bankers and arm manufacturers greed. This caused the U.S. public to be against any involvement in the early stages of World War II. (p.. 525) | 21 | |
| 5522620699 | Nye Committee | In 1934 a Senate committee led by South Dakota Senator Gerald Nye to investigate why America became involved in World War I. They concluded that bankers and arm manufacturers pushed the U.S. into the war so they could profit from selling military arms. (p. 525) |  | 22 |
| 5522620700 | Neutrality Acts | Laws passed by isolationists in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the U.S. out of international wars. (p. 525) | 23 | |
| 5522620701 | America First Committee | A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. |  | 24 |
| 5522620702 | Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) |  | 25 |
| 5522620703 | Quarantine speech | 1937 - In this speech Franklin D. Roosevelt compared Fascist agression to a contagious disease, saying democracies must unite to quarantine agressor nations. | 26 | |
| 5522620704 | cash and carry | Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding Great Britain. Great Britain could buy U.S. arms if it paid in full and shipped them. (p. 528) | 27 | |
| 5522620705 | Selective Training and Service Act (1940) | In 1940 Roosevelt passed this law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service. (p. 528) |  | 28 |
| 5522620706 | destroyers-for-bases deal | In September 1940 Roosevelt's compromise for helping Great Britain as he could not sell Britain US destroyers without defying the Neutrality Act. Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers, in exchange the U.S. was given the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean. | 29 | |
| 5522620707 | FDR, third term | In the 1940 presidential election Franklin Roosevelt won a third term in office. (p. 529) | 30 | |
| 5522620708 | Wendell Willkie | Franklin Roosevelt's Republican opponent in the 1940 Presidential election. |  | 31 |
| 5522620709 | Four Freedoms speech | A speech by FDR on January 6, 1941 that proposed lending money to Britain. He outlined the four principles of freedom (speech, religion, from want, and from fear). (p. 529) |  | 32 |
| 5522620710 | Lend-Lease Act (1941) | In March 1941 this act permitted Britain to obtain all U.S. arms they needed on credit during World War II. (p. 529) |  | 33 |
| 5522620711 | Atlantic Charter | In August 1941 U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill met aboard a ship off the coast of Newfoundland. They created this agreement which outlined the principles for peace after the war. (p. 530) |  | 34 |
| 5522620712 | escort convoys | In July 1941 the U.S. began to provided protection for British ship carrying U.S. arms being shipped to Britain. (p. 530) | 35 | |
| 5522620713 | oil and steel embargo | In September 1940 Japan joined the Axis powers. The U.S. responded by prohibiting export of steel to Japan. In July 1941 when Japan invaded French Indochina the U.S. cut off Japanese access to many vital materials, including U.S. oil. (p. 530) |  | 36 |
| 5522620714 | Pearl Harbor | On December 7, 1941. this U.S. military base in Honolulu, Hawaii was that was bombed by Japanese planes. The next day the United States declared war on Japan. (p. 531) |  | 37 |
| 5522620715 | War Production Board | During World War II FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers. (p. 531) |  | 38 |
| 5522620716 | Office of Price Administration | The World War II federal agency which regulated most aspects of civilian lives by freezing prices, wages, rents and rationing commodities in order to control inflation. (p. 532) |  | 39 |
| 5522620717 | government spending, debt | What were the causes of the great economic growth from 1945 to 1960? | 40 | |
| 5522620718 | role of large corporations | 41 | ||
| 5522620719 | research and development | Researching and developing new or improved products or services or the processes for producing them. | 42 | |
| 5522620720 | Manhattan Project | Code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II. (p. 532) |  | 43 |
| 5522620721 | Office of War Information | Established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep Americans united behind the war effort. | 44 | |
| 5522620722 | the Good War | U.S was fighting on the "side of good" fighting a "just war" against the evils of Nazism and Fascism | 45 | |
| 5522620723 | wartime migration | 1.6 million African-Americans migrated from the south during the war looking for job opportunities. | 46 | |
| 5522620724 | civil rights, Double V | The World War II civil rights leaders encouraged African Americans to adopt the Double V slogan. (p 533) | 47 | |
| 5522620725 | executive order on jobs | 48 | ||
| 5522620726 | Civil Rights | Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. | 49 | |
| 5522620727 | Smith v. Allwright | A supreme court case in 1944 that ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to African Americans as a way of excluding them from voting in primaries. | 50 | |
| 5522620728 | Braceros program | A program the Mexican and American government agreed to in which contract laborers would be admitted to the United States for a limited time working as migrant farm laborers and working factory jobs. | 51 | |
| 5522620729 | Japanese internment | In 1942 over 100,000 Japanese Americans living on the U.S. west coast were rounded up and put in internment camps. (p. 534) |  | 52 |
| 5522620730 | Korematsu v. U.S. | A 1944 case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay financial compensation to each survivor. (p. 534) | 53 | |
| 5522620731 | Rosie the Riveter | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in industrial jobs in the shipyards and defense plants during the war. (p. 534) |  | 54 |
| 5522620732 | wartime solidarity | The New Deal helped immigrant groups more included helped to reduce prejudices. (p. 534) | 55 | |
| 5522620733 | election of 1944 | Roosevelt replaced his VP with Harry Truman and ran against Republican Thomas Dewey. The center of the election was around domestic economic issues. Roosevelt easily won the electoral college contest. (p. 534) | 56 | |
| 5522620734 | Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953, Democrat, favored civil rights, parties - States' Rights Party (dixiecrats), Progressive Party |  | 57 |
| 5522620735 | Battle of the Atlantic | 1940-1943 pitted German submarines against British and American naval and air forces in a struggle for control of the North Atlantic. | 58 | |
| 5522620736 | strategic bombing | A military strategy where the Allies bombed the Germans with the goal of reducing their industrial capacity and ability to fight. (p. 535) | 59 | |
| 5522620737 | Dwight Eisenhower | The United States general who commanded the invasion of Normandy (D-Day), Casablanca and the defeat of Nazi Germany. (p. 536) |  | 60 |
| 5522620738 | D-Day | On June 6, 1944 the Allies land in northern France with the largest invasion by sea in history. (p. 536) | 61 | |
| 5522620739 | Holocaust | A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to eliminate Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. (p. 536) | 62 | |
| 5522620740 | island-hopping | The United States strategy in the Pacific which called for capturing Japanese-held islands in the Pacific and moving on to others to bring the American military closer and closer to Japan itself. (p. 536) | 63 | |
| 5522620741 | Battle of Midway | The June 4-7, 1942 U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet at Midway Island. The Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers, it marked a turning point in the Pacific. (p. 536) |  | 64 |
| 5522620742 | Douglas MacArthur | United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II. (p. 537) |  | 65 |
| 5522620743 | kamikaze attacks | When Japanese pilots would deliberately crash their planes into American ships, killing themselves but also inflicting severe damage. (p. 537) |  | 66 |
| 5522620744 | J. Robert Oppenheimer | American theoretical physicist and professor of physics. He lead the top-secret Manhattan Project which built the world's first atomic bomb. (p. 537) |  | 67 |
| 5522620745 | atomic bomb | A nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission. (p. 537) |  | 68 |
| 5522620746 | Hiroshima; Nagasaki | On August 6, 1945 the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Then on August 9 a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. About 250,000 Japanese died as a result. Within a week after the second bomb was dropped, Japan agreed to surrender. (p. 537) |  | 69 |
| 5522620747 | Big Three | Leader of the Allies during World War II included: Soviet Union - Stalin, Great Britain - Churchill, United States - Roosevelt. | 70 | |
| 5522620748 | Casablanca Conference | Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill in January 1943 to discuss the strategy to win World War II. The plan called for the invasion of Italy and Sicily by British and American troops and resolved to accept nothing less than unconditional surrender of Axis powers. (p. 537) |  | 71 |
| 5522620749 | unconditional surrender | giving up to an enemy without any demands or requests | 72 | |
| 5522620750 | Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam | The three cities that held conferences for the leaders of the Allied powers, United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union during World War II. (p. 538) | 73 | |
| 5522620751 | United Nations | An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. (p. 539) |  | 74 |
