AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 26 Truman and the Cold War 1945-1952
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| 6209003280 | Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill) | Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, it was also known as the GI Bill. It provided veterans of the Second World War with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. (p. 557) |  | 0 |
| 6209003281 | early marriages | One sign of confidence in post World War II era was an explosion of marriages at a younger age and new births. (p. 558) |  | 1 |
| 6209003282 | baby boom | Between 1945 and 1960, 50 million babies were born. This generation would profoundly affect the nation's social institutions and economic life. (p. 558) |  | 2 |
| 6209003283 | suburban growth | Low interest rates on mortgages that were government-insured and tax deductible made the move from the city to the suburb affordable for almost any family. In a single generation the majority of middle-class Americans became suburbanites. (p. 558) |  | 3 |
| 6209003284 | Levittown | William Levitt used mass production techniques to build 17,000 inexpensive homes on Long Island, New York. It became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after World War II. (p. 558) |  | 4 |
| 6209003285 | Sunbelt | After World War II, many Americans moved to southern states. They were attracted by a warmer climate, lower taxes, and defense-related industry jobs. (p. 558) |  | 5 |
| 6209003286 | Harry Truman | A moderate Democrat, he became president when Franklin Roosevelt died. He was a decisive, honest and unpretentious leader. (p. 558) |  | 6 |
| 6209003287 | Employment Act of 1946 | President Truman's act included progressive measures such as increased minimum wage and efforts to maintain full employment. (p. 559) |  | 7 |
| 6209003288 | Council of Economic Advisers | Established by Truman's Employment Act of 1946, they counseled the president and Congress on promoting national economic welfare. (p. 559) |  | 8 |
| 6209003289 | inflation and labor unions | Relaxed controls on the Office of Price Administration resulted in an inflation rate of about 25 percent during the first year and a half after World War II. Workers and unions wanted wages to increase after years of wage controls during World War II. (p. 559) |  | 9 |
| 6209003290 | Committee on Civil Rights | In 1946, President Truman used his executive powers to create this committee to challenge racial discrimination. (p. 559) |  | 10 |
| 6209003291 | racial integration of military | In 1948, President Truman ordered the end of racial discrimination throughout the federal government including the armed forces. The end of segregation changed life on military bases, many of which were in the South. (p. 559) |  | 11 |
| 6209003292 | 22nd Amendment | In response to Franklin Roosevelt's four elections, Congress passed this constitutional amendment, which limited a president to a maximum of two full terms in office. (p. 560) |  | 12 |
| 6209003293 | Taft-Hartley Act | In 1947, President Truman called it a "slave labor" bill and vetoed it, but Congress overrode his veto. It established limits on unions by outlawing the closed shop, permitting states to pass "right to work" laws, outlawing secondary boycotts, and giving the president the power to invoke an 80-day cooling off period for some strikes. (p. 560) |  | 13 |
| 6209003294 | Progressive Party | In 1948, liberal Democrats who thought President Truman's aggressive foreign policy threatened world peace, formed this new party. (p. 560) |  | 14 |
| 6209003295 | Henry Wallace | In 1948, this former vice president was nominated as the Progressive party's presidential candidate. (p. 560) |  | 15 |
| 6209003296 | States-Rights party (Dixiecrats) | In 1948, Southern Democrats formed this new party in reaction the President Truman's support of civil rights. (p. 560) |  | 16 |
| 6209003297 | J. Strom Thurmond | The South Carolina Governor, who the States-Rights party (Dixiecrats) chose as their 1948 presidential nominee. (p. 560) |  | 17 |
| 6209003298 | Thomas Dewey | This Republican New York governor started the 1948 presidential election as the expected winner. He lost to Harry Truman after running a cautious and unexciting campaign. (p. 560) |  | 18 |
| 6209003299 | Fair Deal | President Truman's attempt at extending the New Deal with national health insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights legislation, public housing, and a new farm program. Most of the Fair Deal was defeated because of Truman's political conflicts with Congress and the pressing foreign policy concerns of the Cold War. (p. 561) |  | 19 |
| 6209003300 | Cold War | From the late 1940's to 1991, it dominated international relations. The Communist empire of the Soviet Union against the Western democracy of the United States. It was fought mainly through diplomacy rather than armed conflict, but brought the world dangerously close to a nuclear war. (p. 561) |  | 20 |
| 6209003301 | Soviet Union | A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991. (p. 561) |  | 21 |
| 6209003302 | Joseph Stalin | The leader of the Soviet Union during World War II. In the Nonaggression Pact of 1939, he and Hitler agreed to divide up Eastern Europe. The Soviets later fought Hitler in World War II. They were unhappy when the British and Americans waited until 1944 to open a second battle front in France. (p. 562) |  | 22 |
| 6209003303 | United Nations | In the fall of 1945, this worldwide organization was founded and allowed membership of all countries. It had a 15-member Security Council that was to maintain international security and authorize peacekeeping missions. It is often referred to as the U.N. (p. 562) |  | 23 |
| 6209003304 | Security Council | Within the United Nations, this council consisted of 15 members. There were five permanent members that had veto power: United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union. (p. 562) |  | 24 |
| 6209003305 | World Bank | Created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944. The bank's initial purpose was to fund rebuilding after World War II. Also know as International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The Soviets declined to join because they saw the bank as an instrument of capitalism. (p. 562) |  | 25 |
| 6209003306 | Communist satellites | Central and Eastern European nations ruled by Communist dictators, most of them loyal to the Soviet Union. They included: Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, and others. (p. 562) |  | 26 |
| 6209003307 | Occupation zones | At the end of World War II, Germany was divided into four regions controlled by the Soviets, United States, Britain, and France. These areas were supposed to be temporary but the Soviets maintained control of the eastern area. (p. 563) |  | 27 |
| 6209003308 | Iron Curtain | The term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolating and controlling the Soviet satellite states of Eastern Europe. (p. 563) |  | 28 |
| 6209003309 | Winston Churchill | After World War II he declared, "An iron curtain has been descended across the continent". He called for a partnership between Western democracies to halt the expansion of communism. (p. 563) |  | 29 |
| 6209003310 | historians: traditionalists vs. revisionists | Traditional historians believe the Cold War was started by the Soviet government subjugating the countries of Eastern Europe in the late 1940s. In the 1960s, revisionist historians began to argue that the United States contributed to starting the Cold War. (p. 572) |  | 30 |
