AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 2 The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire, 1607-1754
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| 5522668733 | corporate colonies | Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown. | 0 | |
| 5522668734 | royal colonies | Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624. | 1 | |
| 5522668735 | proprietary colonies | Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Massachusetts The king believed that proprietary colonies would give him almost total control, as the individual granted the charter would be loyal to the king and obey his wishes | 2 | |
| 5522668736 | Jamestown | 1607 Colony in Virginia, The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony. The settlement became part of the Joint Stock Virginia Company of London in 1620. (p. 25) |  | 3 |
| 5522668737 | Pilgrims | Radical dissenters to the Church of England. They moved to Holland, then sailed to to America on the Mayflower in 1620 in search of religious freedom. The established a new colony at Plymouth on the Massachusetts coast. (p. 26) |  | 4 |
| 5522668738 | Puritans | Group of dissenters that wanted to purify the Church of England. In 1630 they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston. (p. 26) |  | 5 |
| 5522668739 | Mayflower Compact | Document that Pilgrims signed to pledge that they would make decisions by the will of the majority. It was an early form of colonial self-government and one of the first simple written constitutions. (p. 27) |  | 6 |
| 5522668740 | Chesapeake Colonies | The now divided area once known as the Virginia company; composed of Maryland and Virginia (1632). Maryland becomes first proprietary colony (1632). | 7 | |
| 5522668741 | George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) | As a reward for loyal service, the king granted George Calvert, a Catholic nobleman, control of the first proprietary colony, Maryland. |  | 8 |
| 5522668742 | Cecil Calvert (Second Lord Baltimore) | Son of George Calvert, Cecil Calvert set about making his father's dream come alive in Maryland (1634). |  | 9 |
| 5522668743 | Act of Toleration | The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics. (p.27) | 10 | |
| 5522668744 | slavery | The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, and were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant. Then discriminatory laws were passed, slaves and their offspring were kept in permanent bondage. (p. 28) |  | 11 |
| 5522668745 | headright system | A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage. (p. 28) |  | 12 |
| 5522668746 | indentured servant | Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free. (p. 28) |  | 13 |
| 5522668747 | Sir William Berkeley | Royal Governor of Virginia (1641-1652, 1660-1677) who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. Put down Bacon's rebellion in 1676. (p. 29) |  | 14 |
| 5522668748 | Bacon's Rebellion | Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers in 1676 that raided Native American villages, fought the governor's forces, and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. This was caused by the Governor's unfair favoritism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids. (p. 29) | 15 | |
| 5522668749 | Roger Williams | A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the conrol of any civil or church authority, and was banished from the bay colony for his beliefs. He founded the settlement of Providence in 1636. |  | 16 |
| 5522668750 | Anne Hutchinson | Puritan who believed in antinomianism and was banished from the bay colony because of her beliefs. Founded the colony of Portsmouth in 1638. |  | 17 |
| 5522668751 | antinomianism | The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation. | 18 | |
| 5522668752 | Rhode Island | In 1644, Parliment granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into Rhode Island. |  | 19 |
| 5522668753 | Thomas Hooker | Led a group of Boston Puritans dissatisfied with the Massachusetts Bay colony. Founded Hartford in 1636, which is now Connecticut. |  | 20 |
| 5522668754 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | First written constitution in 1639. Established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature. | 21 | |
| 5522668755 | John Davenport | Founder of New Haven (1637) | 22 | |
| 5522668756 | Connecticut | In 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form Connecticut under a royal charter. |  | 23 |
| 5522668757 | New Hampshire | Hoping to increase royal control in the colonies, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony. |  | 24 |
| 5522668758 | Halfway Covenant | People could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. It was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members. (p. 31) | 25 | |
| 5522668759 | New England Confederation | In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven formed a military alliance to deal with the threat from the Native Americans. It lasted until 1684. | 26 | |
| 5522668760 | Wampanoags | Indian tribe led by Metacom. | 27 | |
| 5522668761 | Metacom | Metacom, aka King Phillip, joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists in King Phillips War, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676. | 28 | |
| 5522668762 | Restoration colonies | Colonies founded during the Restoration era in Europe, the restoration of the power of King Charles II. | 29 | |
| 5522668763 | The Carolinas | King Charles II granted eight nobles who had helped him gain the throne the Carolinas in 1663. In 1729, the Carolinas were split into to royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations. |  | 30 |
| 5522668764 | rice plantations | These plantations grew food for the West Indies, and relied on slave labor. Found in South Carolina. |  | 31 |
| 5522668765 | tobacco farms | These were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies. |  | 32 |
| 5522668766 | New York | In 1664, King Charles II granted his brother James (the Duke of York) the land now known as New York. James took the land from the Dutch, but treated them fairly. James was unpopular because of his taxes and refusal to institute representative government. He relented in 1683. |  | 33 |
| 5522668767 | New Jersey | Land granted by James to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, 1664. Eventually sold to Quakers, and later (1702), became a royal colony. (p. 33) |  | 34 |
| 5522668768 | Quakers | Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. (p. 34) |  | 35 |
| 5522668769 | William Penn | Founder of Pennsylvania, he wanted his colony to generate wealth, provide a safe place for Quakers, and enable him to try new, liberal ideas in government |  | 36 |
| 5522668770 | Holy Experiment | Penn put his Quaker beliefs to the test in his colony. He created a government for his colony, and planned his cities. | 37 | |
| 5522668771 | Frame of Government (1682-1683) | Guaranteed a representive assembly elected by land owners | 38 | |
| 5522668772 | Charter of Liberties (1701) | Guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration | 39 | |
| 5522668773 | Delaware | In 1702, Penn granted the lower three colonies their own legislature, but Delaware and Pennsylvania had the same governor until the American Revolution |  | 40 |
| 5522668774 | Georgia | Georgia was formed in 1732 to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia from Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again |  | 41 |
| 5522668775 | James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, in 1733. Acted as governor of Georgia and had strict laws which included a ban on rum and slavery. (p. 35) |  | 42 |
| 5522668776 | Mercantilism | An economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country. (p. 35) | 43 | |
| 5522668777 | Navigation Acts | Basically, the colonies could only trade with England, and only ship goods on colonist or English ships. This helped the shipbuilding industry, and helped protect the colonists, but farmers received low prices for their goods and colonists had to pay high prices for manufactured goods. | 44 | |
| 5522668778 | Dominion of New England | James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. The Dominion of New England was combined New York, New Jersey, and the other New England colonies into a single unit. (p. 36) | 45 | |
| 5522668779 | Sir Edmund Andros | Sent from England to govern the dominion; was very unpopular due to increase of taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles. |  | 46 |
| 5522668780 | Glorious Revolution | In 1688, James was deposed and replaced with William and Mary, ending the Dominion of England. (p. 37) | 47 | |
| 5522668781 | Triangular Trade | Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane was brought back to the colonies to make rum. (p. 37) |  | 48 |
| 5522668782 | Middle Passage | Voyage from Africa to the West Indies; miserable for the slaves transported, many died |  | 49 |
| 5522668783 | John Cabot | First Englishman to explore lands in North America which England would later settle in the early 1600's |  | 50 |
| 5522668784 | Captain John Smith | Because of his leadership, Jamestown survived its first five years barely, with his forceful leadership and the establishment of a tobacco industry by john rolfe, the jamestown colony survived |  | 51 |
| 5522668785 | John Rolfe | Helped Jamestown develop a new type of tobacco which became popular in Europe and became very profitable |  | 52 |
| 5522668786 | John Winthrop | Led a ship full of Puritans from England to Massachusetts and founded Boston and a few other towns |  | 53 |
| 5522668787 | Virginia House of Burgesses | Legislative Assembly of Virginia that enacted laws in the late 1660's that made African slaves permanently bonded to their owners for life | 54 | |
| 5522668788 | joint-stock company | given the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain (dutch west india company) | 55 | |
| 5522668789 | Virginia Company | Jamestown chartered by England's King James i and established the first permanent english colony in america in 1607. | 56 | |
| 5522668790 | Pocahontas | daughter of Powhatan; saved John Smith from his captors; her marriage to John Rolfe sealed peace agreement of First Anglo-Powhatan War | 57 |
