AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 3 Colonial Society in the 18th Century
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| 5295493899 | J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur | A Frenchman who wrote , "America is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, and useless labor, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence. This is an American." (1782) |  | 0 |
| 5295493900 | immigrants | Many immigrants who came to American were Protestant French, German-speaking, or Scotch-Irish. They were fleeing religious persecution and wars, as well as seeking economic opportunities. Africans were also brought in large numbers to the colonies, albeit unwillingly. |  | 1 |
| 5295493901 | English cultural domination | Most of the population of the colonies was English, but Africans and Europeans created some diversity in the culture of the colonies. |  | 2 |
| 5295493902 | self-government | Each colony had a representative assembly that was elected by voters (white, land-owning males). Rhode Island and Connecticut also voted on their governor, but the other colonies had an appointed (by King or proprietor) governor. |  | 3 |
| 5295493903 | religious toleration | Massachusetts was the least tolerant in matters of religion, excluding non-Christians and Catholics. Rhode Island and Pennsylvania were the most liberal. |  | 4 |
| 5295493904 | hereditary aristocracy | There was no hereditary aristocracy in the colonies. Their class system was based on economics with wealthy landowners at the tope, and craftspeople and common people made up the majority. | 5 | |
| 5295493905 | social mobility | Everyone in colonial society, except African Americans, could improve their status/standard of living with hard work. | 6 | |
| 5295493906 | colonial families | Family was very important in the colonies; couples married young and had many children. Most families lived on farms. Men worked, owned land, and dominated politics. Women did housework, educated the children, and worked with her husband. | 7 | |
| 5295493907 | subsistence farming | Farming that provides for the needs of the people on the farm, but nothing else. (New England mainly) |  | 8 |
| 5295493908 | established church | Churches that were financed by taxes. (Anglican Church in Virginia/Congregational Church in Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut) | 9 | |
| 5295493909 | Great Awakening | A movement characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. (1730-1740) | 10 | |
| 5295493910 | Jonathan Edwards | Argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness; people who repented could by saved by God's grace, but those who did nothing would go to Hell. "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" (1741) Led to Great Awakening |  | 11 |
| 5295493911 | George Whitefield | (1739) Stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those who openly professed faith in Christ Jesus. Taught that with sincere faith, ordinary people could understand scripture without ministers. Led to Great Awakening |  | 12 |
| 5295493912 | Georgian style | An architectual style of London, mimicked in the colonies; characterized by symmetrical placement of windows and dormers and a spacious center hall flanked by two fireplaces. Only found on eastern seaboard. | 13 | |
| 5295493913 | Benjamin West | Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist along with John Copley |  | 14 |
| 5295493914 | John Copley | Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist along with Benjamin West |  | 15 |
| 5295493915 | Cotton Mather | Author of several widely read religious tracts; a minister from Massachusetts | 16 | |
| 5295493916 | Benjamin Franklin | Writer and scientist; author of Poor Richard's Almanack and inventor of bifocal eyeglasses |  | 17 |
| 5295493917 | Poor Richard's Almanack | Written by Benjamin Franklin, this book written in 1732 contained aphorisms and advice. | 18 | |
| 5295493918 | Phillis Wheatley | Her poetry is noteworthy for her triumph over slavery and for it's quality |  | 19 |
| 5295493919 | John Bartram | Self-taught botanist of Philadelphia | 20 | |
| 5295493920 | sectarian; nonsectarian | Existing to promote the doctrines of a specific religion; many colleges were this, except for the College of Philadelphia | 21 | |
| 5295493921 | professions; religion, medicine, law | Ministers, Physicians, and Lawyers (due to legal support of revolution) were all respected careers in the 18th century. | 22 | |
| 5295493922 | John Peter Zenger; libel case | Published a true, but unflattering article about New York's royal governor. He was acquited by the jury. (1735) |  | 23 |
| 5295493923 | Andrew Hamilton | Lawyer for Zenger in the Zenger case. (1735) |  | 24 |
| 5295493924 | colonial governors | In the royal colonies, these were appointed by the King; in the proprietary colonies, these were appointed by the proprietor; in Rhode Island and Connecticut, these were elected by popular vote | 25 | |
| 5295493925 | colonial legislatures | In every colony the lower of these two houses was elected; this lower house controlled taxes. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut were the upper houses elected. | 26 | |
| 5295493926 | town meetings | The dominant form of local government in the New England colonies | 27 | |
| 5295493927 | county government | In the South, local government was carried on by a sheriff and other officials who served... | 28 | |
| 5295493928 | limited democracy | Only white, land-owning males could vote, and colonial assemblies mostly represented the elite. | 29 |
