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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 5 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 5 The American Revolution and Confederation, 1774-1787

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9731159171Intolerable ActsIn 1774, the British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, which intensified the conflict between the colonies and Great Britain. (p. 85)0
9731159176Patrick HenryRadical delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress. Radical delegates were those demanding the greatest concessions from Great Britain. (p. 85)1
9731159177Samuel AdamsRadical delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress. He started Committees of Correspondence. (p. 85)2
9731159178John AdamsRadical delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress. He had acted as a lawyer for British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre. (p. 85)3
9731159179John DickinsonModerate delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress. He wrote "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania". (p. 85)4
9731159180John JayConservative delegate from New York to the Continental Congress, favored a mild statement of protest. (p. 85)5
9731159181First Continental CongressIn September 1774, all of the colonies except Georgia sent delegates to a convention in Philadelphia. The purpose was to determine how the colonies should react to the threat to their rights and liberties caused by Intolerable Acts. (p. 85)6
9731159182Joseph GallowayConservative delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress. He proposed a plan that would have reordered relations with Parliament, but the plan lost by one vote. (p. 86)7
9731159183Suffolk ResolvesThe First Continental Congress adopted this statement. It rejected the Intolerable Acts and called for their repeal. It also urged the colonies to make military preparations and organize boycotts against British goods. (p. 86)8
9731159184Declaration for Rights and GrievancesThe First Continental Congress passed this resolutions urging the king to make right colonial grievances and restore colonial rights. (p. 86)9
9731159185economic sanctionsIn September 1774, the First Continental Congress created the Continental Association, a network of committees to enforce the economic sanctions of the Suffolk Resolves. (p. 86)10
9731159186Second Continental CongressIn May 1775, representatives met in Philadelphia. They adopted the Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms. In July 1775 they sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III. (p. 87)11
9731159187Olive Branch PetitionIn July 1775, the Second Continental Congress tried a last effort for peace. Colonists pledged their loyalty and asked the king to go to Parliament to secure peace and protect their colonial rights. (p. 87)12
9731159188Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up ArmsIn May 1775, in Philadelphia, delegates to the Sencond Continental Congress met. This declaration called on all colonies to provide troops to the central government. (p. 87, 128)13
9731159189Thomas JeffersonIn 1776, he was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. (p. 88)14
9731159190Declaration of IndependenceThis declaration, written by Thomas Jefferson, declared independence and expressed the basic principles of the American revolution. It was ratified on July 4, 1776. (p. 88)15
9731159191George WashingtonModerate delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress. In 1775, at the Second Continental Congress he was appointed commander-in chief of a new colonial army and sent to Boston to lead the Massachusetts militia and volunteer units from other colonies. He later became the first president of the United States. (p. 88-89)16
9731159192Land Ordinance of 1785A policy that established surveying and selling of western lands. It was part of the Articles of Confederation. (p. 93)17
9731159193Northwest Ordinance of 1787Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for creating new states. Granted limited self-government and prohibited slavery in the region. (p. 93)18
9731159194Paul RevereHe warned the militia that the British were coming along with William Dawes at the Battle of Lexington and Concord. (p. 86)19
9731159195William DawesWarned the militia that the British were coming along with Paul Revere at the Battle of Lexington and Concord. (p. 86)20
9731159172LexingtonOn April 18, 1775 British soldiers in Boston marched to this town to seize colonial military supplies. This is where the first shot of the Revolutionary War was fired. (p. 86)21
9731159173ConcordAfter the British had marched to Lexington, they marched on to this town to destroy colonial military supplies. (p. 86)22
9731159196Battle of Bunker HillOn June 17, 1775 a colonial militia lost this battle to British on the outskirts of Boston. However, the British suffered heavy casualties in this first true battle of the Revolutionary War. (p. 87)23
9731159197Battle of SaratogaIn October 1777, General John Burgoyne's British forces were defeated by American Generals Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnolds army. This was a turning point of the war because it led to the French joining the war against Great Britain. (p. 90)24
9731159198George Rogers ClarkIn 1778-1789, he led the capture of series of British forts in the Illinois country. (p. 90)25
9731159199Battle of YorktownIn 1781, the last major battle of the Revolutionary War was fought on the shores of Chesapeake Bay. Supported by French naval and military forces, Washington's army forced the surrender of a large British army commanded by General Charles Cornwallis. (p. 90)26
9731159200Articles of ConfederationAdopted by Congress in 1777, it created a central government with limited powers. In 1788, it was was replaced by the Constitution. (p. 91)27
9731159201unicameral LegislatureThe Articles of Confederation established a central government that consisted of just one body, a Congress. In this unicameral (one-house) legislature, each state was given one vote, with at least 9 of 13 votes required to pass important laws. (p. 92)28
9731159202absolute monarchAlthough France had this kind of government, King Louis XVI decided to help the colonies succeed in their rebellion in order to weaken Great Britain. (p. 90)29
9731159203Prohibitory ActIn August 1775, Britain's King George III agreed to this act passed by Parliament, and declared the colonies were in rebellion. (p. 87)30
9731159204Treaty of ParisIn 1783, this treaty between Britain and the United States brought an end to the Revolutionary War. It stated that: 1. Britain would recognize the existence of the US. 2. The Mississippi River would be the western border of the US. 3. Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada. 4. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war. (p. 91)31
9731159174Thomas Paine; Common SenseIn January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet that argued in clear and forceful language that the colonies should break with Britain. (p. 88)32
9731159205PatriotsMost of these soldiers came from New England or Virginia and wanted freedom for the colonies. (p. 88)33
9731159175Loyalists (Tories)The pro-British Loyalists, the majority of this group tended to be wealthy and conservative and many were clergy and government officials. (p. 89)34
9731159206MinutemenThe colonial militia. (p. 86)35
9731159207ContinentalsPaper money issued by Congress which became almost worthless due to inflation. (p. 90)36
9731159208Abigail AdamsShe was the wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. (p. 94)37
9731159209Deborah SampsonAt the age of 21, she dressed up as a man in order to fight in the Revolutionary War. (p. 94)38
9731159210Valley ForgeWashington's troops spent the harsh winter of 1777-1778 here after losing Philadelphia to the British. (p. 89)39
9731159211Mary McCauley (Molly Pitcher)Also know as Molly Pitcher, she carried water to soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth Court House and took over her husband's gun when he was overcome by heat. (p. 94)40
9731159212Shay's RebellionDaniel Shays led other farmers in this uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money. (p. 93)41

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