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| 5054675772 | First Continental Congress (1774) | convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system. | 0 | |
| 5054675773 | Patrick Henry | Radical from Virginia; delegate at Continental Congress. "Give me liberty or give me death!" | 1 | |
| 5054675774 | Samuel Adams | Radical from Massachusetts; delegate at Continental Congress; started Committees of Correspondence | 2 | |
| 5054675775 | John Adams | Radical from Massachusetts; delegate at Continental Congress; acted as lawyer for British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre | 3 | |
| 5054675776 | George Washington | Moderate from Virginia; delegate at Continental Congress; position of respect in colonial army | 4 | |
| 5054675777 | John Dickinson | Moderate from Pennsylvania; delegate at Continental Congress; writer of "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" | 5 | |
| 5083105616 | General Thomas Gage | British general in the Revolution. He was commander in chief of the North American forces and military governor of the Province of MA Bay. | 6 | |
| 5083126060 | Benedict Arnold | He was an American General during the Revolutionary War (1776). He prevented the British from reaching Ticonderoga. Later, in 1778, he tried to help the British take West Point and the Hudson River but he was found out and declared a traitor (sold military secrets to Britain) | 7 | |
| 5083144051 | Green Mountain Boys | Vermont colonial militia led by Ethan Allen that made a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. Surprised Britain. | 8 | |
| 5083160723 | John Jay | 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington | 9 | |
| 5054675780 | Suffolk Resolves | Originally enacted in Massachusetts, the Suffolk Resolves rejected the Intolerable Acts and called for their immediate repeal. The measure urged the various colonies to resist the Intolerable Acts by making military preparations and applying economic sanctions (boycott) against Great Britain | 10 | |
| 5054675781 | Declaration fo Rights and Grievances | Backed by moderate delegates, the Declaration of Rights and Grievances was a petition to the king urging him to redress (make right) colonial grievances and restore colonial rights. In a conciliatory gesture, the document recognized Parliament's authority to regulate commerce. | 11 | |
| 5054675782 | economic sanctions | A third measure, the Association, urged the creation of committees in every town to enforce the economic sanctions of the Suffolk Resolves. | 12 | |
| 5054675783 | Paul Revere and William Dawes | Members of the Sons of Liberty. William Dawes rode to Lexington to tell Samuel Adams and John Hancock the British were coming. Paul Revere galloped across the moonlit countryside,shouting "the regulars are out" or the "redcoats are coming." | 13 | |
| 5054675784 | Minutemen | Another word for the colonial militia | 14 | |
| 5054675785 | Concord | British marched here to destroy/take Militia arsenal. On the return march to Boston, British soldiers was attacked by hundreds of militiamen firing at them from behind stone walls. The British suffered 250 casualties—and also considerable humiliation at being so badly mauled by "amateur" fighters. | 15 | |
| 5054675786 | Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) | First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. | 16 | |
| 5054675787 | Second Continental Congress (1775) | Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, the Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the petition. | 17 | |
| 5054675788 | Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms | This document, drawn up by the Second Continental Congress in 1775, urged King George III a second time to consider colonial grievances and was made to explain to the British why the American colonies were now getting involved in a battle, now deemed "The American Revolution | 18 | |
| 5054675789 | Olive Branch Petition | In July 1775, the delegates voted to send an "Olive Branch Petition" to King George III, in which they pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights | 19 | |
| 5054675790 | Prohibitory Act (1775) | King George angrily dismissed the congress' plea and agreed instead to Parliament's Prohibitory Act (August 1775), which declared the colonies in rebellion. A few months later, Parliament forbade all trade and shipping between England and the colonies. | 20 | |
| 5054675791 | Common Sense | A British Citizen, Thomas Paine, published this on January 1, 1776, to encourage the colonies to seek independence. It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies by the British government and was instrumental in turning public opinion in favor of the Revolution. | 21 | |
| 5054675792 | Declaration of Independence | Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state. | 22 | |
| 5054675793 | Thomas Jefferson | Writer of the Declaration of Independence | 23 | |
| 5054675794 | Patriots | American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won | 24 | |
| 5054675795 | Loyalists (Tories) | Those who maintained their allegiance to the king. The majority tended to be wealthier and more conservative than the Patriots. | 25 | |
| 5054675796 | Valley Forge | Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops | 26 | |
| 5054675797 | Continentals | Economic troubles added to the Patriots' bleak prospects. British occupation of American ports resulted in a 95 percent decline in trade between 1775 and 1777. Goods were scarce, and inflation was rampant. The paper money issued by Congress, known as Continentals, became almost worthless | 27 | |
| 5054675798 | Battle of Saratoga | The turning point for the American revolutionaries came with a victory at Saratoga in upstate New York in October 1777. News of the surprising American victory persuaded France to join in the war against Britain. | 28 | |
| 5054675799 | Battle of Yorktown | In 1781, the last major battle of the Revolutionary War was fought near Yorktown, Virginia. Strongly supported by French naval and military forces, Washington's army forced the surrender of a large British army commanded by General Charles Cornwallis | 29 | |
| 5054675800 | Treaty of Paris (1783) | Treaty which stated that: 1. Britain would recognize the existence of the US 2. The Mississippi River would be the western border of the US 3. Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada 4. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war | 30 | |
| 5054675801 | Articles of Confederation | 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) | 31 | |
| 5054675802 | Unicameral legislature | a central government that consisted of just one body, a congress. | 32 | |
| 5054675803 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | Congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands. The policy provided for setting aside one section of land in each township for public education. | 33 | |
| 5054675804 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery | 34 | |
| 5054675805 | Shay's Rebellion | Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. | 35 | |
| 5054675808 | Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. | 36 | |
| 5054675810 | absolute Monarch | A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power | 37 | |
| 5054675811 | Lexington | "the shot heard round the world" | 38 |
