AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 7 The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1816
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| 7997928184 | Thomas Jefferson | He stressed the basic principles of constitutional government and limited central government. He appeased the Federalists by maintaining the national bank and debt repayment plan of Hamilton, and carried on the neutrality policies of Washington and Adams. |  | 0 |
| 7997928185 | Louisiana Purchase | The purchase more that doubled the size of the United States, removed a European presence from the nation's borders, and extended the western frontier well beyond the Mississippi River. |  | 1 |
| 7997928186 | war hawks | Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun they gained influence in the House of Representatives. They argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier. (p. 139) |  | 2 |
| 7997928187 | Henry Clay | In 1810, he was a Kentucky member of the House of Representatives. He was a war hawk who argued for war with Britain. (p. 139) |  | 3 |
| 7997928188 | John C. Calhoun | In 1810, he was a South Carolina member of the House of Representatives. He was a war hawk who argued for war with Britain. (p. 139) |  | 4 |
| 7997928192 | Battle of Tippecanoe | An 1811 battle, where U.S. troops led by William Henry Harrison did battle against American Indians led by Tecumseh. (p. 138) |  | 5 |
| 7997928193 | strict interpretation of Constitution | President Thomas Jefferson was committed to a strict interpretation of the Constitution and rejected Alexander Hamilton's argument that certain powers were implied. When Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase he was troubled because the Constitution did not state explicitly that a president could purchase foreign land. He finally argued that the president's powers to make treaties allowed for the purchase. (p. 133) |  | 6 |
| 7997928194 | John Marshall | This Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court served in the position for 34 years. His decisions in landmark cases generally strengthened the federal government, often at the expense of states rights. (p. 134) |  | 7 |
| 7997928195 | judicial review | In 1803, Marbury v. Madison case, the Marshall court established the doctrine of judicial review by ruling that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional. From this point on, the Supreme Court could overrule the legislative or executive branches if they believed a law was unconstituional. (p. 134) |  | 8 |
| 7997928197 | Aaron Burr | new vice president was chosen for Jefferson's second term. He then organized a failed conspiracy, attempting to unite New England states and secede from the United States. In 1806 was tried for treason because of a plan to capture Mexico and possibly unite it with Louisiana. He was acquitted of the charge. (p. 135) |  | 9 |
| 7997928198 | Quids | In 1812, they were "Old" Democratic-Republicans who criticized the War of 1812 because it violated the classic Democratic-Republican commitment to limited federal power and the maintenance of peace. (p. 140) |  | 10 |
| 7997928199 | Hartford Convention (1814) | Bitterly opposed to the the War of 1812, some radical Federalist in the Northeast wanted to secede from the United States, but it was rejected. However, to limit the power of the Democratic-Republicans they adopted a proposal that a two-thirds vote of both houses would be required for any future declaration of war. |  | 11 |
| 7997928202 | Barbary pirates | The United States had been paying the Barbary states on the North African coast in exchange for safe passage of U.S. ships in the Mediterranean. President Jefferson stopped paying the tribute, and the U.S. fought the Barbary Wars from 1801 to 1805. There was no decisive victory but it did offer some protection to U.S. ships in the region. (p. 136) |  | 12 |
| 7997928204 | impressment | The British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy. (p. 136) |  | 13 |
| 7997928205 | Chesapeake-Leopard affair | In 1807, the British warship Leopard attacked the American warship Chesapeake. Three U.S. sailors were killed and four were taken captive. Many Americans demanded war but Jefferson used diplomacy and economic pressure in response. (p. 136) |  | 14 |
| 7997928206 | Embargo Act (1807) | In 1807, this act prohibited American trading ships from sailing to any foreign port. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels, by depriving them of American trade. The embargo backfired and brought greater economic hardship to the United States than Britain. |  | 15 |
| 7997928207 | James Madison | He was a contributor to The Federalist Papers. His presidency was marked by the War of 1812. (p. 137) |  | 16 |
| 7997928208 | Nonintercourse Act (1809) | In 1809, this act provided that America could now trade with all nations except Britain and France. (p. 137) |  | 17 |
| 7997928209 | Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810) | When economic hardships continued into 1810, Nathaniel Macon, a member of Congress, introduced a bill that restored U.S. trade with both Britain & France. It also provided that if either France or Britain formally agreed to respect neutral rights at sea, then the U.S. would prohibit trade with the foe of that nation. (p. 138) |  | 18 |
| 7997928210 | War of 1812 | A war between the United States and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. In December 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was reached and territory was returned to the pre-war status. |  | 19 |
| 7997928212 | Battle of Lake Erie | Probably the most important U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry led the U.S. to victory against the British. (p. 140) |  | 20 |
| 7997928217 | Andrew Jackson | In the War of 1812 this U.S. general defeated the Creek nation at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The British were trying to control the Mississippi River and he defeated them at the Battle of New Orleans. He would later become the seventh president of the United States. (p. 141) |  | 21 |
| 7997928220 | Battle of New Orleans | On January 8, 1815, General Andrew Jackson led U.S. troops that defeated the British at New Orleans. At that time communications were much slower and the armies did not know that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war two weeks earlier. (p. 141) |  | 22 |
| 7997928221 | Treaty of Ghent (1814) | The peace treaty that ended the War of 1812. The terms halted fighting, returned all conquered territory to the prewar claimant, and recognized the pre war boundary between Canada and the United States. (p. 141) |  | 23 |
| 7997928222 | Lewis and Clark Expedition | In 1804, Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark left St. Louis, Missouri on an expedition to the Pacific coast. They travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. the expedition provided greater scientific knowledge of the region, stronger claims to the Oregon Territory, better relationships with the American Indians, and more accurate maps. (p. 134) |  | 24 |
| 7997928223 | Francis Scott Key | He wrote our national anthem while observing the British attack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore. (p. 141) |  | 25 |
