AMSCO AP US History 2015 Edition Chapter 8
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| 5070656405 | Era of Good Feelings | Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics. On the surface everything looked fine, however there were conflicts over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, and public land sales. (p. 150) |  | 0 |
| 5070656406 | sectionalism | Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). | 1 | |
| 5070656407 | James Monroe | The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825). His administration was marked by the Tariff of 1816, Rush-Bagot Agreement with Britain (1817), acquisition of Florida (1819), the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas. |  | 2 |
| 5070656408 | cultural nationalism | A new generation was interested in expanding west and patriotic themes were everywhere in society (schools and paintings of war heroes). | 3 | |
| 5070656409 | economic nationalism | Political movement to subsidize internal improvements such as roads and canals. Also the protecting of US industries from European competition. (p. 151) | 4 | |
| 5070656410 | Tariff of 1816 | The first protective tariff in the US, it helped protect American industry from competition by raising the prices of British manufactured goods. (p. 151) |  | 5 |
| 5070656411 | protective tariff | A tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition. |  | 6 |
| 5070656412 | Henry Clay's American System | His proposed plan for advancing the nation's economic growth, consisted of three parts: 1) protective tariffs, 2) a national bank, and 3) internal improvements. The internal improvements to be funded by the national government were not approved because James Monroe felt that the Constitution did not allow for that use of federal funds. |  | 7 |
| 5070656413 | Second Bank of the United States | This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836. |  | 8 |
| 5070656414 | Panic of 1819 | The first major financial panic since the Constitution was ratified; marked the end of economic expansion and featured deflation (value of US money going down), depression, bank failures, foreclosures on western farms, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtor's prisons. The depression was most severe in the West because of land speculation. (p. 153) | 9 | |
| 5070656415 | Lancaster Turnpike | The first highway that was developed (1790s), it was a response to the ineffectiveness of slow water transportation and uncertain road transportation. It stretched from Philadelphia to Lancaster and inspired many other turnpike projects. |  | 10 |
| 5070656416 | National (Cumberland) Road | Major highway to the west extending more than a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois; built using state and federal money (1811-1852). One of the few roads crossing state boundaries. |  | 11 |
| 5070656417 | Erie Canal | New York (1825) -Linked the economies of western + eastern cities -caused more canal building - more transportation -lower food prices -stronger economies |  | 12 |
| 5070656418 | Robert Fulton; steamboats | 1807 -boat moves by power of a steam engine -made shipping easier and cheaper |  | 13 |
| 5070656419 | railroads | major economic development (1820) -alt. Method for carrying passengers + freight *Made Midwest a major power* chugga chugga chooo choo hoes |  | 14 |
| 5070656420 | Eli Whitney; interchangeable parts | mass production employing interchangeable parts; Whitney first put it into practice, who was known for his cotton gin; wanted to be able to produce great numbers of muskets quickly; made it possible for owners of damaged objects to send away to a factory for the needed part, confident that the new one would precisely substitute for the old |  | 15 |
| 5070656421 | corporations | -business owned by stockholders -treated by law as if of were a person | 16 | |
| 5070656422 | Samuel Slater | British-born textile producer; one of the first industrialists in America; brought the cotton spinning machine; oversaw construction of nation's first successful water-powered cotton mill (1790-1793) |  | 17 |
| 5070656423 | factory system | A system of manufacturing in which all the materials, machinery + workers required to manufacture a product are assembled in one place |  | 18 |
| 5070656424 | Lowell System; textile mills | Recruited young farm living women + housed them in company dormitories * child labor* |  | 19 |
| 5070656425 | industrialization | Caused shift from farming economy -> *** manufacturing (machines) in factory economy *** | 20 | |
| 5070656426 | specialization | -farmers just produced food -workers in cities just produced goods | 21 | |
| 5070656427 | unions | An association of works formed... 1. Better worker conditions 2. Higher wages | 22 | |
| 5070656428 | cotton gin | -Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 -removed seeds from cotton fibers -cotton could be processed quickly + cheaply *Results: more cotton is grown = more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields* |  | 23 |
| 5070656429 | market revolution | 1793-1909 Period of vast economic growth where people increasingly bought + sold more good rather than making them for themselves | 24 | |
| 5070656430 | John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801-1835). A Federalist who favored the central government and the rights of property against advocates of state's rights. Even when he was outnumbered in the Supreme Court, Republican justices sided with Marshall. |  | 25 |
| 5070656431 | Fletcher v. Peck | An 1810 case in which Georgia tried to revoke a land grant on the grounds that it had been obtained by corruption. The Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot arbitrarily interfere with a person's property rights. Since the land grant was a legal contract, it could not be repealed. This was the first time that the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid. | 26 | |
| 5070656432 | McCulloch v. Maryland | An 1819 Supreme Court case that ruled that states could not tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States, The case confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States based on the Constitution's implied power. | 27 | |
| 5070656433 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward | 1819 Supreme Court case in which New Hampshire had attempted to change Dartmouth College from a private college into a public institution. The Supreme Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts. | 28 | |
| 5070656434 | Gibbons v. Ogden | 1824 Supreme Court case in which the U.S. Supreme Court decision reinforcing the "commerce clause'' (the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce) of the Constitution; Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against the State of New York's granting of steamboat monopolies. | 29 | |
| 5070656435 | implied powers | A power not specifically stated that the government when they see is "necessary and proper". | 30 | |
| 5070656436 | Tallmadge Amendment | Proposed solution to Missouri becoming a state. It forbad slavery in Missouri and said that all black children would be free after the age of becoming 25. It did not pass in the Senate and angered southerns. | 31 | |
| 5070656437 | Missouri Compromise | An 1820 compromise that Missouri joined the Union as a slave state, and Maine joined as a free state. Congress also established a line across the southern border of Missouri (36°,30') saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. |  | 32 |
| 5070656438 | Stephen Decatur | Naval officer sent by James Madison in 1815 with a fleet to force the rulers of North Africa to allow American shipping the free use of the Mediterranean. Showed US nationalistic policies |  | 33 |
| 5070656439 | Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) | 1817 disarmament pact between US and Britain; strictly limited Naval armament on the Great Lakes; the agreement was extended to place limits on border fortifications; border between US and Canada is the largest unfortified border in the world | 34 | |
| 5070656440 | Treaty of 1818 | Treaty between US and Britain; shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland; joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for ten years, and setting of the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel | 35 | |
| 5070656441 | Andrew Jackson | -went to Spanish Florida -destroyed Seminole villages + hung Seminole sympathizers |  | 36 |
| 5070656442 | Florida Purchase Treaty (1819) | Also known as the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, this treaty settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The treaty was the result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territorial rightsat a time of weakened Spanish power due to rebellion in South America. In addition to ceding Florida to the United States for 5 million dollars, Spain also gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory. In return, the US gave up all rights to Texas. |  | 37 |
| 5070656443 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The United States largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets. |  | 38 |
| 5070663350 | American System | the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government | 39 | |
| 5070664610 | Market Revolution | occurred in the United States, in the 19th century, is a historical model which argues that there was a drastic change of the economy, which disoriented and deordinated all aspects of the market economy in line with both nations and the world. | 40 | |
| 5070664611 | Eli Whitney | was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. | 41 |
