AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition Chapter 8 Nationalism and Economic Development, 1816-1848
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| 10468586442 | Era of Good Feelings | Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republican party dominated politics. On the surface everything looked fine, however there were conflicts over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, and public land sales. (p. 150) |  | 0 |
| 10468586443 | sectionalism | The Era of Good Feelings was damaged by the sectional controversy of the Missouri Compromise. Sectionalist tension over slavery became apparent during this period (1817-1825). (p. 150, 157) |  | 1 |
| 10468586444 | James Monroe | The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825). His administration was marked by the Tariff of 1816, Rush-Bagot Agreement with Britain (1817), acquisition of Florida (1819), the Missouri Compromise (1820), and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823). (p 151) |  | 2 |
| 10468586445 | cultural nationalism | A new generation was interested in expanding west, had little interest in European politics, and patriotic themes were everywhere in society. (p. 151) |  | 3 |
| 10468586446 | economic nationalism | Political movement to subsidize internal improvements such as roads and canals. Also the protecting of US industries from European competition. (p. 151) |  | 4 |
| 10468586447 | Tariff of 1816 | The first protective tariff in U.S. history. It helped protect American industry from British competition by placing a tax on imported British manufactured goods. (p. 151) |  | 5 |
| 10468586448 | protective tariff | A tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition. (p. 151) |  | 6 |
| 10468586449 | Henry Clay; American System | His proposed plan for advancing the nation's economic growth consisted of three parts: 1) protective tariffs, 2) a national bank, and 3) internal improvements. The internal improvements, to be funded by the national government, were not approved because James Monroe felt that the Constitution did not allow it. (p. 152) |  | 7 |
| 10468586450 | Second Bank of the United States | This institution was chartered in 1816 under President James Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the Panic of 1819. Suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it, until its charter expired in 1836. (p. 152) |  | 8 |
| 10468586451 | Panic of 1819 | In 1819, this was the first major financial panic since the Constitution had been ratified. Many state banks closed, and unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt increased sharply. the depression was most severe in the West, where many people had speculated on land. (p. 153) |  | 9 |
| 10468586452 | Lancaster Turnpike | Built in the 1790s, this first highway was developed in response to the ineffectiveness of slow water transportation and uncertain road transportation. It stretched from Philadelphia to Lancaster and inspired many other turnpike projects. (p. 161) |  | 10 |
| 10468586453 | National (Cumberland) Road | A paved highway that extended more than a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois. It was built using state and federal money over many years (1811-1852). One of the few roads crossing state boundaries. (p. 161) |  | 11 |
| 10468586454 | Erie Canal | A New York canal, completed in 1825, that linked the economies of western and eastern cities. It lead to more canal building, lower food prices in the East, more settlers in the West, and stronger economic ties between the regions. (p. 161) |  | 12 |
| 10468586455 | Robert Fulton; steamboats | In 1807, he built a boat powered by a steam engine. Commercial steamboat lines soon made river shipping faster and cheaper. (p. 161) |  | 13 |
| 10468586456 | railroads | A major economic development of the 1820s. By the 1830s they were competing directly competing with canals as a method for carrying passengers and freight. Towns such as Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, and Chicago soon became booming commercial centers. (p. 161) |  | 14 |
| 10468586457 | Eli Whitney; interchangeable parts | In 1793, he built the first cotton gin, which would have a huge impact on the Southern economy. During the War of 1812 he devised a system to make rifles with mass produced interchangeable parts. (p. 162) |  | 15 |
| 10468586458 | corporations | In 1811, New York state passed a law that made it easier for business to incorporate and raise capital by selling shares of stock. Owners of a corporation only risked the money they had invested in a venture. This allowed large sums of money to be raised to build factories, canals, and railroads. (p. 162) |  | 16 |
| 10468586459 | Samuel Slater | British-born textile producer and one of the first industrialists in America. In 1791, he helped establish the nation's first factory using cotton spinning machine technology. (p. 162) |  | 17 |
| 10468586460 | factory system | In the 1820s, New England emerged as the country's leading manufacturing center because of abundant water power to drive machinery and seaports to ship goods. (p. 162) |  | 18 |
| 10468586461 | Lowell System; textile mills | The system that recruited young farm women to work in textile mills and house them in company dormitories. (p. 163) |  | 19 |
| 10468586462 | industrialization | Caused a shift from farming economy to using manufacturing machines in a factory economy. (p. 164) | | 20 |
| 10468586463 | specialization | Farmers produced food, workers in the cities produced manufactured goods. (p. 164) |  | 21 |
| 10468586464 | unions | Trade unions were organized as early as the 1790s when the factory system started to take hold. A prime goal of the early unions was a 10 hour workday. (p. 163) |  | 22 |
| 10468586465 | cotton gin | In 1793, this machine was invented by Eli Whitney. It removed seeds from cotton fibers so cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. As a result more cotton was grown in the South and more slaves were needed in the cotton fields. (p. 162) |  | 23 |
| 10468586466 | market revolution | This revolution was a result of specialization on the farm, growth of the cities, industrialization, and the development of modern capitalism. It brought the end of self-sufficient households and a growing interdependence among people. (p. 164) |  | 24 |
| 10468586467 | John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. A Federalist, whose decisions favored the central government and the rights of property against advocates of state's rights. Several of his decisions became landmark ruling that defined the relationship between the central government and the states. (p. 153) |  | 25 |
| 10468586468 | Fletcher v. Peck | An 1810 Supreme Court case, in which Georgia tried to revoke a land grant on the grounds that it had been obtained by corruption. The Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot arbitrarily interfere with a person's property rights. Since the land grant was a legal contract, it could not be repealed. This was the first time that the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid. (p. 154) |  | 26 |
| 10468586469 | McCulloch v. Maryland | This 1819 Supreme Court case, ruled that states could not tax a federal institution, the Bank of the United States. The court ruled that, even though no clause in the Constitution specifically mentions a national bank, the Constitution gives the federal government the implied power to create one. (p. 154) |  | 27 |
| 10468586470 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward | An 1819 Supreme Court case, in which New Hampshire attempted to change Dartmouth College from a private college into a public institution. The court struck down the state law as unconstitutional, arguing that a contract for a private corporation could not be altered by the state. (p. 154) |  | 28 |
| 10468586471 | Gibbons v. Ogden | This 1821 Supreme Court case ruled that New York state could not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company. This case established the federal government's control of interstate commerce. (p. 154) |  | 29 |
| 10468586472 | implied powers | Even though a power is not specifically stated in the Constitution, it may be possible for the federal government to exercise a power. (p. 154) |  | 30 |
| 10468586473 | Tallmadge Amendment | Proposed solution to Missouri becoming a state. It forbade slavery in Missouri and said that all black children would be free after the age of 25. It did not pass in the Senate and angered the South. (p. 156) |  | 31 |
| 10468586474 | Missouri Compromise | An 1820 compromise, that allowed Missouri to join the Union as a slave state, and Maine to join as a free state. It also established a line across the southern border of Missouri (36°,30') stating that except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be states without slavery. (p. 157) |  | 32 |
| 10468586475 | Stephen Decatur | In 1815, this naval officer led a U.S. fleet to force the leaders of North Africa to allow safe American shipping in the Mediterranean. (p. 157) |  | 33 |
| 10468586476 | Rush-Bagot Agreement | An 1817 disarmament pact between U.S. and Britain, it strictly limited Naval armament on the Great Lakes. The agreement was extended to place limits on U.S. and Canadian border fortifications. (p. 157) |  | 34 |
| 10468586477 | Treaty of 1818 | Treaty between U.S. and Britain which 1) shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland, 2) joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for ten years, 3) set the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel. (p. 157) |  | 35 |
| 10468586478 | Andrew Jackson | In 1817, this general lead a militia force to Florida where he destroyed Seminole villages and hung Seminole sympathizers. He would later become president. (p. 158) |  | 36 |
| 10468586479 | Florida Purchase Treaty | An 1819 treaty, in which Spain turned over Florida and the Oregon Territory to the United States. The U.S. agree to assume $5 million debt and give up any claims in Texas. (p. 158) |  | 37 |
| 10468586480 | Monroe Doctrine | An 1823 doctrine by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The United States largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets. (p. 158) |  | 38 |
