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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 9 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 9 Sectionalism, 1820-1860

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5353690730NortheastNew England and the Middle Atlantic states. (p. 173)0
5353690731Old NorthwestTerritory which stretched from Ohio to Minnesota.1
5353690732sectionalismLoyalty to a particular region. (p. 173)2
5353690733NativistsNative-born Americans who reacted strongly against the immigrants, they feared the newcomers would take their jobs and weaken the culture of the Protestant and Anglo majority. (p. 176)3
5353690734American partyAnti Foreign party that nominated candidates in the early 1850s. (p. 176)4
5353690735Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled BannerA secret anti-foreign in the 1840s. (p. 176)5
5353690736Know-Nothing PartyNativists, also known as the American party. (p. 176)6
5353690737Free African AmericansBy 1860 as many as 250,000 African Americans in the south were free. They were not allowed to vote or work in most skilled professions. (p. 179)7
5353690738plantersThe South's small wealthy elite that owned more than 100 slaves and more than 1000 acres. (p. 18)8
5353690739Code of ChivalrySouthern planter class does included strong sense fo personal honor, defense of womanhood, paternalistic attitudes. (p. 180)9
5353690740poor whitesThree-fourths of the South's white population owned no slaves.10
5353690741hillbilliesDerisive term for poor white subsistence farmers in the South. (p. 180)11
5353690742mountain menIn the 1820 the first whites in the Rocky Mountains. They trapped for furs. (p. 181)12
5353690743the WestThe term that referred to the new area that was being settled, the location changed as the whites settled more regions.13
5353690744the frontierThe area in the West that moved further over time. (p. 181)14
5353690745Deep SouthThe cotton rich area of the lower Mississippi Valley. (p. 178)15
5353690746American Indian removalNative Americans were cajoled, pushed, or driven westward as white settlers encroached on their original homelands16
5353690747Great PlainsProvided only temporary respite for the native americans from conflict with the white settlers17
5353690748white settlersIn the 1840s and 1850s they settled the western frontier. They worked hard, lived in log cabins or sod huts. Disease and malnutrition were even greater dangers than attacks by American Indians. (p. 182)18
5353690749urbanization19
5353690750urban lifeFrom 1800 to 1850 the urban population in the North increased rapidly. This caused crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, and high rates of crime. (p. 174)20
5353690751new citiesAfter 1820 Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati, and St. Louis developed as transfer points for agriculture and manufactured products. (p. 175)21
5353690752Irish potato famineImmigrants driven from their home; faced strong discrimination because of their Roman Catholic religion; worked hard at whatever employment they could find; congregated for mutual support in the northern cities22
5353690753Roman CatholicThe Irish were primarily this religion.23
5353690754Tammany HallNew York City's Democratic organization.24
5353690755GermansOne million of them came to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s. (p. 176)25
5353690756immigrationFrom the 1830s to the 1850s four million people came from northern Europe to the United States. (p. 175)26
5353690757King CottonIn the 1850s cotton provided two-thirds of all U.S. exports and tied the South's economy to Great Britain.27
5353690758Eli WhitneyThe United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825).28
5353690759peculiar institutionA term that referred to slavery because southern whites were uneasiness with the fact that slaves were human beings and the need to continually to defend slavery. They used historical and religious arguments to support their claim that it was good for both slave and master.29
5353690760Denmark VeseyIn 1822 he led a major slave uprising. It was quickly and violently suppressed; gave hope to enslaved african americans, drove Southern states to tighten already strict slave codes, and demonstrated to many, especially in the North, the evils of slavery. (p. 179)30
5353690761Nat TurnerIn 1831 he led a major slave uprising. (p. 179)31
5353690762slave codes32
5353690763Industrial RevolutionOriginally centered in the textile industry but by the 1830's northern factories were producing a wide range of goods-everything from farm implements to clocks and shoes33
5353690764unions34
5353690765Commonwealth v. HuntThe Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled in 1842 that peaceful unions had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers. (p. 174)35
5353690766ten-hour workday36
5353690767Cyrus McCormickUnited States inventor and manufacturer of a mechanical reaper. (p. 175)37
5353690768John DeereHe was responsible for inventing the steel plow. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version; therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster. (p. 175)38
5353690769Daniel WebsterA senator who warned that sectionalism was dangerous for the U.S. (p. 173)39
5353690770environmental damageThis term described settlers cleared forests and exhausted the soil. (p. 182)40
5353690771extinctionThis term described what trappers and hunters did to the beaver and buffalo populations. (p. 182)41

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