Terms : Hide Images
| 4939904650 | republic | a representative government of elected officials | 0 | |
| 4939904651 | Senate | the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights | 1 | |
| 4939906726 | magistrates | officials who carried out the day-to-day operations of the government | 2 | |
| 4939906727 | tribunes | elected representatives of plebians | 3 | |
| 4939906728 | consuls | officials elected by Roman citizens to preside over the government and to serve as commanders of armies in military campaign | 4 | |
| 4939908860 | checks and balances | a way of dividing to keep any part of government from becoming excessively powerful | 5 | |
| 4939908876 | Laws of the Twelve Tables | laws to provide checks on unrest and strikes from the plebeians and their leadership; dealt with almost every aspect of life - business transactions, property boundaries and penalties for crimes | 6 | |
| 4939911215 | Cicero | the greatest member of the legal profession of the time; trained in writing and oratory by Greek teachers as well as Roman ones | 7 | |
| 4939911216 | Carthage | a city-state across the Mediterranean on the north coast of Africa | 8 | |
| 4939913245 | Punic Wars | a series of three wars fought from 264 BCE to 146 BCE between Rome and Carthage over Mediterranean trade | 9 | |
| 4939913246 | Vandals | nomadic peoples who invaded North Africa from Spain, took Carthage, and in 455 BCE conquered Rome | 10 | |
| 4939913247 | legions | large armies necessary in fighting wars and guarding the extending empire | 11 | |
| 4939914857 | latifundia | huge estates created by particians | 12 | |
| 4939914858 | Spartacus Rebellion | an rebellion led by a slave named Spartacus in 73 BCE; thousands of slaves were killed and another 6,000 were captured and executed by crucifixtion | 13 | |
| 4939917129 | Marius | a "new man" not born into the senatorial class who was elected six times to the councilship | 14 | |
| 4939917130 | Sulla | contemporary of Marius; came from a more patrician family; successful over Marius during their lifetime | 15 | |
| 4939918970 | Pompey Magnus | a military leader and politician during the time of the fall of the Roman Republic | 16 | |
| 4939918971 | Julius Caesar | Marius' nephew; a popularis (an aristocrat whose strength was based on his support from the common people of Rome); became dictator for life in 46 BCE | 17 | |
| 4939920482 | Marc Antony | Roman general; an ally of Julius Caesar | 18 | |
| 4939920483 | Octavian (Augustus) | ruler of Rome whose goals were to strengthen family values, keep the peace, and promote prosperity; led an extremely successful, well-governed empire that extended throughout the Mediterranean | 19 | |
| 4939922241 | Battle of Actium | a battle between Octavian (Augustus) and Antony on the Ionian Sea in 31 BCE; Octavian (Augustus) defeated Antony and proclaimed himself sole ruler of Rome | 20 | |
| 4939922242 | Pax Romana | translated to "Roman peacetime," the time of Octavian (Augustus)'s rule | 21 | |
| 4939924476 | Constantine | the Roman Emperor that declared Christianity to be legal in 313 CE | 22 | |
| 4939924477 | Edict of Milan | the manifesto that declared Christianity a legal religion in 313 CE | 23 | |
| 4939924478 | St. Augustine | a monk in Roman North Africa who began to write the book "City of God" | 24 | |
| 4939927054 | separation of church and state | the choice of religion not mandated by the ruling party or establishment | 25 | |
| 4939927055 | Apennine Mountains | mountains that run the length of the Italian Penisula | 26 | |
| 4939929637 | Etruscans | a civilization settled in the northern Italian peninsula when Rome was yet a village on seven hills | 27 | |
| 4939929638 | Latins | civilization in central Italy the Etruscans mingled with | 28 | |
| 4939929639 | Rome | a welcoming village on seven hills | 29 | |
| 4939931009 | Tiber River | 15 miles south of Rome | 30 | |
| 4939931010 | Tyrrhenian Sea | the sea the Tiber River empties into | 31 | |
| 4939933055 | catapults | devices used to hurl stones a great distance | 32 | |
| 4939933056 | siege devices | ex. battering rams | 33 | |
| 4939933057 | stirrup | an invention for mounted warriors; provided greater stability for riders, which made horses easier to ride and control and, hence, more useful | 34 | |
| 4939937021 | patricians | wealthy landowners | 35 | |
| 4939937022 | plebeians | small farmers, tradespeople, craft workers, and common soldiers | 36 | |
| 4939938413 | equestrian class | a class of Roman men who could hold positions in power if their property was valued at 400,000 sesterces | 37 | |
| 4939938414 | Virgil | a Roman author who was favored by Augustus (Octavian) | 38 | |
| 4939940190 | The Aeneid | a story combination of a Greek story by Homer and settings in Southwest Asia, North Africa, Sicily, and the Italian Peninsula | 39 | |
| 4939940191 | Ovid | a Roman author who was favored by Augustus (Octavian) until he banished him to the far edge of the Black Sea (perhaps because Ovid wrote love poetry) | 40 | |
| 4939944747 | Epicureanism | a Roman philosophy that promoted living simply, enjoying the pleasures of life, and not focusing on appealing to the gods | 41 | |
| 4939944748 | Stoicism | a Roman philosophy which emphasized that earn to accept the will of the gods and remained detached from pleasure and pain | 42 | |
| 4939944749 | syncretism | the merging or attempt to merge different religions, cultures, or ideaologies | 43 | |
| 4939946819 | pontifex maximus | the chief priest of the Roman church | 44 | |
| 4939949816 | mystery cults | religious groups whose followers were promised an afterlife if they underwent secret rituals and purification rites | 45 | |
| 4939949817 | Jesus | a figure that emerged in the Jewish community who challenged traditional religious leaders and was regarded as a troublemaker by Roman officials | 46 | |
| 4939949818 | Peter | one of Jesus's first followers who was crucial in spreading the ideas of Jesus | 47 | |
| 4939949819 | Paul | a Jew who had a sudden, dramatic conversion to Christianity while traveling on a road leading into Damascus; spread Christianity into Hellenistic cities such as Ephesus and Corinth | 48 | |
| 4939951751 | Christianity | an emerging, distinct form of Judaism and eventually a separate religion altogether | 49 | |
| 4939953900 | martyrdom | a willingness to die rather than give up one's beliefs | 50 |
