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| 11665995727 | equal-field system | This reform implemented by the Tang attempted to ensure that all Chinese had land to cultivate. Wanted to take power away from the aristocracy, but they eventually go it back. Created rural wealth and growth for 100 years. | 0 | |
| 11665995728 | fast-ripening rice | Staple crop native to northern Vietnam (Champa). This grain allowed peasants to grow 2 crops a year. Land redistribution and food surpluses helped spread Chinese prosperity. | 1 | |
| 11665995729 | proto-industrialization | phase that precedes and enables full industrialization later, earlier than Europe. | 2 | |
| 11665995730 | flying cash | system of credit where merchants deposit money at one location and withdrawal at another. | 3 | |
| 11665995731 | paper money | Highly mobile currency(800 CE). This was deposited and withdrew as flying cash. Production was reserved to the gov't. | 4 | |
| 11665995732 | magnetic compass | Chinese scientists develop this navigation tool that helped advance sea trade. | 5 | |
| 11665995733 | rudder | Chinese scientists improved this ship control devices that helped advance sea trade on junks. | 6 | |
| 11665995734 | junk | This boat developed during the Han had multiple sails and the hull was divided into multiple compartments to make sinking less likely. | 7 | |
| 11665995735 | wood-block printing | method in which an artist carves a block of wood to a create a negative which is printed using ink. Buddhist scripture from 7th century is 1st woodblock print work. | 8 | |
| 11665995737 | sinification | assimilation of Chinese traditions and practices. This was not welcomed in Vietnam. | 9 | |
| 11665995739 | Xuanzang | Chinese Buddhist monk who went on a pilgrimage to India. He studied Buddhism in India and brought back many texts which he translated. They were help spread Buddhist scholarship in China. | 10 | |
| 11665995740 | Hsuan Tsung | (ruled 712-756) Final emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Was distracted from gov't affairs by concubine. An Lushan led rebellion to overthrow Tang. The Uighurs fought against the rebels to keep the Tang in power. They won, but the Tang dynasty collapsed shortly. | 11 | |
| 11665995741 | An Lushan | Chinese military leader. Led rebellion of hundreds of thousands to overthrow the Tang. Defeated by the Uighurs. | 12 | |
| 11665995742 | scholar gentry | This social class were officials who studied Confucius and classics. They were out by numbered the aristocracy and became highly influential. Tang emperor asked them to led the military which made army vulnerable. | 13 | |
| 11665995744 | Sui Dynasty | (581-618 CE) People suffered from reduced trade and political turmoil. Led by harsh and dictatorial leader, Yangdi. He unified China through violence. Expand China into Korea and Central Asia. Built the Grand Canal and reinforced the Long Wall. Yangdi was assassinated. | 14 | |
| 11665995745 | Grand Canal | Built in the Sui Dynasty to provide transportation for food-rich Yangtze River valley to the populous northern China. City of Hangzhou expanded thanks to increased trade. | 15 | |
| 11665995746 | Hangzhou | city that expanded during Sui Dynasty thanks to its placement on the Grand Canal. Defensive wall was also built around the city. 3rd city of the Song Dynasty. 400 miles south of Kaifeng. Trade center | 16 | |
| 11665995747 | Tang Dynasty | (618-907 CE). China enjoyed prosperity and stability during this influential dynasty. Rulers extended territory west, north, and south. Developed more roads, canals, postal and messenger services. Implement the Civil Service Exam to expand the bureaucracy. Agriculture redistribution. Trade porcelain and silk on Silk Road. | 17 | |
| 11665995748 | Middle Kingdom | China's belief that they were the society the world revolved around. | 18 | |
| 11665995750 | Tributary system | system in which other states had to pay money or goods to honor the emperor. Created economic and political power for China, but also created stable trade for everyone. | 19 | |
| 11665995751 | Song Dynasty | (960-1279) Ruled smaller region than the Tang. Prosperous time when arts flourished. Bureaucracy expanded with gov't positions increasing. Meritocracy helped increased social mobility by providing education the poor so they could pass the CSE. First gun powder produced. Most urbanized land in the world. | 20 | |
| 11665995764 | kowtow | ritual under the Tang tributary system in which representatives from states must bow head to the floor to honor the emperor. | 21 | |
| 11665995765 | Uighurs | ethnic group living in Chinese land in Central Asia. Fought against An Lushan to maintain the Tang dynasty. | 22 | |
| 11665995766 | foot binding | Practice that began in the Song Dynasty. At a young age, girls of aristocratic families feet were bound so their bones couldn't grow. It was painful, but a symbol of social status. Restricted women physically and in the political sphere. | 23 | |
| 11665995769 | Chan (Zen) Buddhism | Syncretic faith mixing Buddhism and Taoism. Emphasizes direct experience and meditation as opposed to formal learning. | 24 | |
| 11665995770 | Neo-Confucianism | syncretic faith mixing Buddhism and Confucianism. A social and ethical philosophy, not religious. Combines rational thought with metaphysics. | 25 |
