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| 12308955732 | Conquistadores | Title given to one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century; This title empowered holders with significant military, political and economic power | 0 | |
| 12308955733 | Aztec Empire | A member of a people of central Mexico whose civilization was at its height at the time of the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century. | 1 | |
| 12308955734 | Inca Empire | A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest. | 2 | |
| 12308955735 | New Spain | Was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire, in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama. It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, and following additional conquests, it was made a viceroyalty (Spanish: virreinato) in 1535. | 3 | |
| 12308955736 | Tenochtitlan | Was the capital city of the Aztec Empire from the middle of the 1300s to the early 1500s. | 4 | |
| 12308955737 | Atahualpa | Last independent Incan emperor (1532-1533), who defeated his half-brother Huáscar (1532) and briefly reunited the empire after years of civil war. He was captured by the Spaniards, convicted of plotting against Pizarro, and executed by garrote despite his agreement to a vast ransom. | 5 | |
| 12308955738 | Viceroys | A ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign or royal. | 6 | |
| 12308955739 | John Cabot | Was a Genoese navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of parts of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is commonly held to have been the first European exploration of the mainland of North America since the Norse . | 7 | |
| 12308955740 | New Amsterdam | A settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island; annexed by the English in 1664 and renamed New York. | 8 | |
| 12308955741 | Hispaniola | Site on Columbus' initial landing; located in the Caribbean island group, the Greater Antilles. It is the second largest island in the Caribbean after Cuba | 9 | |
| 12308955742 | Columbian Exchange | Was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage. | 10 | |
| 12308955744 | Encomienda | A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. | 11 | |
| 12308955745 | Encomiendo System | "New World" Economic system that was based on the Reconquista institution in which Spanish were given the right to extract tribute from Muslims or other peasants in areas that they had conquered and resettled; this essentially planted feudalism in the Spanish colonies in the western hemisphere | 12 | |
| 12308955746 | Mit'a System | Was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire. | 13 | |
| 12308955747 | Transatlantic Slave Trade | Was the biggest deportation in history and a determining factor in the world economy of the 18th century. Millions of Africans were torn from their homes, deported to the American continent and sold as slaves. | 14 | |
| 12308955748 | Creoles | A person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean. | 15 | |
| 12308955749 | Peninsulares | Was a Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies. | 16 | |
| 12308955750 | Castas | Was a hierarchical system of race classification created by Spanish elites (españoles) in Hispanic America during the eighteenth century. | 17 | |
| 12308955751 | Mestizos | A man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian. | 18 | |
| 12308955752 | Mulattoes | A person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent. | 19 | |
| 12308955753 | Zambos | Racial terms used in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires and occasionally today to identify individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry (the analogous English term, considered a slur, is sambo). | 20 | |
| 12308955754 | Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer who sailed to the Caribbean trying to find a western route to Asia but instead found America | 21 | |
| 12308955755 | Colonies | lands that are controlled by another nation for the purpose of financial gain under mercantilism | 22 | |
| 12308955756 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 23 | |
| 12308955757 | Mexico City | Capital of New Spain; built on ruins of Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. | 24 | |
| 12308955758 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas | 25 | |
| 12308955760 | Treaty of Tordesillas | set the boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas; not effectively enforced, but was the first attempt at dividing colonial assets among European powers | 26 | |
| 12308955762 | Quebec | First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain | 27 | |
| 12308955763 | New France | Area of the Americas explored and claimed by France | 28 | |
| 12308955764 | Virginia | First of England's colonies, struggled with economic and political problems (bacon's rebellion) | 29 | |
| 12308955765 | Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia | 30 | |
| 12308955766 | Henry Hudson | English navigator who discovered the Hudson River; in 1610 he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay but his crew mutinied and set him adrift to die | 31 | |
| 12308955767 | Caravel | a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries. | 32 | |
| 12308955768 | small pox | Infectious disease brought to America by the Spanish that devastated native populations. | 33 | |
| 12308955769 | Potosi | largest new world silver mine; located in Bolivia | 34 | |
| 12308955770 | Galleons | large Spanish sailing ships of long ago, having many decks | 35 | |
| 12308955771 | sugarcane | a grassy plant that is a natural source of sugar | 36 | |
| 12308955772 | Northwest Passage | A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by navigators since the 16th century. | 37 | |
| 12308955774 | Vodun | African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti. | 38 | |
| 12308955775 | Santeria | Cuban religion that combines Catholic and West African beliefs | 39 | |
| 12308955776 | Candomble | African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people. | 40 | |
| 12308955777 | engenhos | Portuguese term for sugar cane mill and the associated facilities | 41 | |
| 12308955778 | cash crops | crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit | 42 | |
| 12308955779 | London Company | owner of Jamestown, it was a joint-stock company headquartered in England | 43 | |
| 12308955780 | tobacco | Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown | 44 | |
| 12308955781 | indentured servitude | penniless persons who bound themselves to work for a number of years to pay their passage | 45 |
