Every AMSCO "Key Names, Events, and Terms" in the first five chapters.
Terms : Hide Images
| 438949017 | Native Americans | The first humans to make a showing in the Americas. | |
| 438949018 | land bridge | The way that the first people may have arrived in the Americas. It connected Siberia and Alaska around 40,000 years ago. | |
| 438949019 | Sioux, Pawnee, Pueblo, Iroquois | Large North American Native American tribes. | |
| 438949020 | Mayas, Incas, Aztecs | The three Native American cultures that built large cities in Central or South America. | |
| 438949021 | Renaissance | European rebirth of classical learning and outburst of artistic and scientific activity in the late 1400s/early 1500s. | |
| 438949022 | technology | Major changes in this occurred during the Renaissance. | |
| 438949023 | compass | Adopted from the Arabs, who adopted it from the Chinese, this item allowed navigation to become much more precise. | |
| 438949024 | printing press | Invention of this aided the spread of knowledge across Europe. | |
| 438949025 | Spain | Country that funded Columbus' voyages. One of the first two countries to lay claim to lands in the Americas. | |
| 438949026 | The Moors | Driven out of Spain by Isabella and Ferdinand in 1492. | |
| 438949027 | Ferdinand and Isabella | Catholic monarchs of Spain during Columbus' voyages. | |
| 438949028 | Protestant Reformation | Series of revolts against the authority of the Pope in northern Europe. | |
| 438949029 | trade | Major incentive for exploration. | |
| 438949030 | Portugal | Country the the west of Spain; ruled by Henry the Navigator. One of the first two countries to lay claim to lands in the Americas. | |
| 438949031 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese monarch who sponsored many exploratory voyages. | |
| 438949032 | nation-state | A country in which the majority of people share a common culture and common loyalties toward a central government. | |
| 438949033 | Christopher Columbus | Discovered lands across the Atlantic Ocean (the Americas). | |
| 438949034 | New World | The Americas, as referred to by the Europeans until someone came up with a better name. | |
| 438949035 | Amerigo Vespucci | Explored the east coast of South America; the person that America gets its name from. | |
| 438949036 | papal line of demarcation | Determined which lands the Spanish had a claim to and which lands the Portuguese had a claim to. Draw straight down a map of the world by the Pope. | |
| 438949037 | Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) | Treaty that moved the papal line of demarcation a few degrees to the west. | |
| 438949038 | Pedro Alvares Cabral | His explorations established Portugal's claim to Brazil. | |
| 438949039 | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Crossed the isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean. | |
| 438949040 | Juan Ponce de Leon | Discovered Florida while searching for the mythical fountain of youth. | |
| 438949041 | Ferdinand Magellan | One of his ships was the first to ever circumnavigate the globe. | |
| 438949042 | Hernan Cortes | Conquered the Aztec Empire. | |
| 438949043 | Francisco Pizarro | Conquered the Inca Empire. | |
| 438949044 | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | Explored a vast swath of North America from present-day New Mexico to Kansas. | |
| 438949045 | Hernando de Soto | Explored from Florida westward to the Mississippi. | |
| 438949046 | conquistadores | Conquerors of the New World. | |
| 438949047 | asiento system | System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over. | |
| 438949048 | John Cabot | Explored the coast of Newfoundland for England. Gave grounds to the earliest English claims to the New World. | |
| 438949049 | Giovanni de Verrazano | Searched for a northwest passage to the Pacific for the French. | |
| 438949050 | Jacques Cartier | Explored the St. Lawrence River for the French. | |
| 438949051 | Samuel de Champlain | Established the first permanent French settlement (Quebec) in the New World. Regarded as the "Father of New France." | |
| 438949052 | Father Jacques Marquette | Explored the upper Mississippi River with Louis Jolliet. | |
| 438949053 | Robert de la Salle | Explored the Mississippi basin, which he named Louisiana. | |
| 438949054 | Henry Hudson | Explored the Hudson River for the Dutch. | |
| 438949055 | joint-stock company | English method of pooling the resources of people of moderate means in order to support potentially profitable trading ventures. | |
| 438949056 | Father Junipero Serra | Founded the mission chain in Alta California. | |
| 438949057 | Virginia Company | Joint-stock company that established the first permanent English colony (Jamestown) in the Americas. | |
| 438949058 | Jamestown | The first permanent English colony in the Americas. | |
| 438949059 | Captain John Smith | Forcefully led the people of Jamestown away from starvation. | |
| 438949060 | John Rolfe | Established Jamestown's tobacco industry. | |
| 438949061 | Pocahontas | John Rolfe's American Indian wife. | |
| 438949062 | royal colony | A colony under the direct control of a monarch. | |
| 438949063 | Puritans | Wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church of Catholic influences. Frequently persecuted in England. | |
| 438949064 | Plymouth colony | Colony established by the Pilgrims. | |
| 438949065 | Separatists | Puritans with ambitions of creating a completely new Christian church outside of the Anglican Church, rather than reforming the Anglican Church. | |
| 438949066 | Pilgrims | Separatists who set sail for America. | |
| 438949067 | Mayflower | The boat that the Pilgrims sailed upon. | |
| 438949068 | Mayflower Compact | Document that pledged the Pilgrims to make decisions by the will of the majority. | |
| 438949069 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Colony founded by non-Separatist Puritans. | |
| 438949070 | John Winthrop | Led about a thousand Puritans to found Boston and several other towns. | |
| 438949071 | Great Migration | When some 15,000 settlers ran to the Massachusetts Bay Colony to escape the English Civil War. | |
| 438949072 | Virginia House of Burgesses | The first representative assembly in America. | |
| 438949073 | corporate colonies | Colonies operated by joint-stock companies. | |
| 438949074 | royal colonies | Colonies under the direct rule of a monarch. | |
| 438949075 | proprietary colonies | Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king. | |
| 438949076 | Chesapeake colonies | Colonial Virginia and Maryland. | |
| 438949077 | George Calvert, aka Lord Baltimore | Was given control over Maryland by the English king. Was Catholic. | |
| 438949078 | Cecil Calvert, aka Lord Baltimore | The son of the first Lord Baltimore. Attempted to further his dead father's plans. | |
| 438949079 | Act of Toleration (1649) | The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians. Called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus. | |
| 438949080 | Virginia | The first of England's colonies. | |
| 438949081 | Sir William Berkeley | Royal governor of Virginia from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. | |
| 438949082 | indentured servant | Someone who came to America by agreeing to work for nothing but room and board for four to seven years. | |
| 438949083 | headright system | System under which Virginia offered 50 acres of land to anyone who paid for an immigrant's passage to America. | |
| 438949084 | slavery | Practice that started in the mid-1600s in Virginia. | |
| 438949085 | Roger Williams | A Puritan, exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Founded Providence. | |
| 438949086 | Bacon's Rebellion | Poor gentleman farmer who rebelled against Berkeley's government. Led an army of poor white man-virgins from the hills. Died of dysentery. | |
| 438949087 | Providence | Colony founded by Roger Williams. | |
| 438949088 | Anne Hutchinson | Dissident who was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Founded Portsmouth. | |
| 438949089 | antinomianism | The idea that faith alone (not good deeds) is necessary for salvation. | |
| 438949090 | Rhode Island | Created through the joining of Providence and Portsmouth. Offered religious freedom for all. | |
| 438949091 | Thomas Hooker | Led a large group of disgruntled Boston Puritans into the Connecticut River Valley to found Hartford. | |
| 438949092 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) | The first written constitution in American history. | |
| 438949093 | John Davenport | Founded New Haven. | |
| 438949094 | Connecticut | Colony formed by the joining of New Haven and Hartford. | |
| 438949095 | New Hampshire | Last colony to be founded in New England. | |
| 438949096 | halfway covenant | Allowed zeal-lacking second-generation Puritans to take part in church activities without making a formal declaration of their total belief in Christ. | |
| 438949097 | New England Confederation | Military alliance between the New England colonies. Created because of frequent attacks by Indians, the Dutch, and the French, and because England was in the throes of a civil war and wasn't going to send aid. Lasted until 1684. | |
| 438949098 | Wampanoags | Indian tribe led by Metacom (aka King Philip). | |
| 438949099 | Metacom, aka King Philip | Chief of the Wampanoags. | |
| 438949100 | King Philip's War | Vicious Indian vs. New England Confederation conflict. Thousands dead, Indian resistance in New England virtually gone by the end of it. | |
| 438949101 | Restoration colonies | Colonies founded during the period of English history known as the Restoration. | |
| 438949102 | the Carolinas | Granted to eight nobles by Charles II as a reward for helping him gain the English throne. | |
| 438949103 | rice plantations | Plantations commonly found in mid-18th-century South Carolina. Worked by African slaves. | |
| 438949104 | tobacco farms | Frequently found in North Carolina. A lack of good transportation prevented these from growing into large plantations. | |
| 438949105 | New York | Taken from the Dutch (who called it New Amsterdam) by the Duke of York. | |
| 438949106 | New Jersey | Divided from New York by King James in 1664. The piece of land between the Hudson River and Delaware Bay. | |
| 438949107 | Peter Stuyvesant | Last Dutch governor of New Amsterdam. | |
| 438949108 | Pennsylvania | "Paid" to William Penn by the crown in 1681 to repay a large debt owed him. | |
| 438949109 | Quakers | Pacifist Christians with highly radical beliefs. | |
| 438949110 | William Penn | Young convert to the Quaker faith. Founded Pennsylvania. | |
| 438949111 | holy experiment | William Penn's plan to make Pennsylvania a place where persecuted peoples and liberal ideas could thrive. | |
| 438949112 | Frame of Government (1682-1683) | Guaranteed Pennsylvanians a representative assembly elected by landowners. | |
| 438949113 | Charter of Liberties (1701) | Guaranteed Pennsylvanians freedom of worship and unrestricted immigration. | |
| 438949114 | Delaware | Created when William Penn granted the three lower counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly. | |
| 438949115 | Georgia | The last colony to be chartered. Was created to provide a buffer against Spanish Florida and to serve as a penal colony. | |
| 438949116 | James Oglethorpe | First governor of Georgia. Led the founding of Savannah. | |
| 438949117 | mercantilism | Economic policy that looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength. | |
| 438949118 | Navigation Acts | English-implemented laws stating that 1.Trade to and from the colonies could only be carried by English or colonial crews on English or colonial ships. 2.All goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, could pass only through ports in England. 3.Specific (or "enumerated") goods from the colonies could only be exported to England. | |
| 438949119 | Dominion of New England | The result of King James' combining of various New England colonies into a single unit. | |
| 438949120 | Sir Edmund Andros | Governor of the Dominion of New England. | |
| 438949121 | Glorious Revolution | Succeeded in deposing James and replacing him with William and Mary. | |
| 438949122 | triangular trade | Trade between the British colonies, West Africa, and the West Indies. | |
| 438949123 | slave trade | Increased massively as the colonies shifted towards more labor-intensive crops and grew in size. | |
| 438949124 | Middle Passage | The route African-bearing ships took to get to the West Indies from West Africa. | |
| 438949125 | immigrants | These people drastically increased the population of the colonies during the 1700s. | |
| 438949126 | English cultural domination | This showed in that most colonists were English in language, origin, and tradition. | |
| 438949127 | self-government | This was common in the colonies, in that every colony had a representative assembly. | |
| 438949128 | religious toleration | All of the colonies permitted the practice of differing religions, to varying degrees. | |
| 438949129 | hereditary aristocracy | This was not present in the colonies. Rather than birth being a social determinant, wealth was. | |
| 438949130 | social mobility | Everyone in colonial society (with the exception of African Americans) was able to improve their status through hard work. | |
| 438949131 | families | The economic and social center of colonial life. | |
| 438949132 | subsistence farming | This practice was most common in the northern colonies. It provided just enough for a family to live off of. | |
| 438949133 | established church | Any church supported by taxes. | |
| 438949134 | Great Awakening | Movement characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. | |
| 438949135 | Jonathan Edwards | Fiery Congregationalist minister in New England, initiated the Great Awakening, gave the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" | |
| 438949136 | George Whitefield | Made the Great Awakening huge with his sermons, often delivered in fields, barns, and tents to huge crowds all over the colonies. | |
| 438949137 | Georgian style | Architectural style frequently imitated in colonial buildings. | |
| 438949138 | Benjamin West | Prominent colonial artist. | |
| 438949139 | John Copley | Prominent colonial artist #2. | |
| 438949140 | Cotton Mather | Massachusetts minister who wrote widely read religious tracts. | |
| 438949141 | Benjamin Franklin | Most popular and successful writer of the 18th century, among many, many other things. | |
| 438949142 | Poor Richard's Almanack | Collection of Benjamin Franklin's aphorisms and advice, updated annually from 1732 to 1757. | |
| 438949143 | Phillis Wheatley | African American poet. | |
| 438949144 | John Bartram | Philadelphian botanist. | |
| 438949145 | sectarian | Something that exists to promote the doctrines of a particular religious sect is this. | |
| 438949146 | medicine and law | These professions acquired respectability and social prominence during the | |
| 438949147 | John Peter Zenger (libel case) | Criticized New York's royal governor, was sued for libel, won because what he printed was true. Big free speech case. | |
| 438949148 | Andrew Hamilton | Zenger's lawyer, among many other things. | |
| 438949149 | colonial governors | Governors of the colonies. | |
| 438949150 | colonial legislatures | These were bicameral. The lower house was elected by the people, the upper was appointed by the governor or proprietor. | |
| 438949151 | town meetings | When the people of a town would come together to vote directly on local issues. | |
| 438949152 | county government | This consisted of a law-enforcing sheriff and other officials in large territorial units in the southern colonies. | |
| 438949153 | limited democracy | The colonies exhibited this by allowing people to vote, but only white males in the best of cases. | |
| 438949154 | French and Indian War | French and Indians vs. British and colonies | |
| 438949155 | George Washington | Colonel who led a small militia in an attempt to prevent the French from completing Fort Duquesne. | |
| 438949156 | Edward Braddock | Led a British army into a disastrous defeat. | |
| 438949157 | Albany Plan of Union (1754) | Plan that would have set up an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes. None of the colonies accepted it. | |
| 438949158 | Peace of Paris (1763) | Treaty resulting in Britain getting French Canada and Spanish Florida and Spain getting the Louisiana Territory. Ended the French and Indian War. | |
| 438949159 | salutary neglect | Pre-French and Indian War policy that Britain would essentially ignore its colonies. | |
| 438949160 | George III | British king who pursued a policy of solving Britain's financial problems. | |
| 438949161 | Whigs | Dominant party in Parliament. Attempted to get George III to use the colonies to pay for various British costs. | |
| 438949162 | Parliament | British representative assembly. | |
| 438949163 | Pontiac's Rebellion (1763) | Indians, angered by colonial expansion and British refusal to offer gifts, attack. The British send regular troops, rather than militia, to deal with them. | |
| 438949164 | Proclamation of 1763 | Attempt by the British to prevent colonists from settling on the other side of the Appalachians. Thousands defy it. | |
| 438949165 | Sugar Act (1764) | Placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries to raise money for the crown. | |
| 438949166 | Quartering Act (1765) | Required colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies. | |
| 438949167 | Stamp Act (1765) | First direct tax on the colonists. Required that a revenue stamp be placed on most printed paper in the colonies. | |
| 438949168 | Patrick Henry | Young Virginia lawyer, stood up and yelled "No taxation without representation!" | |
| 438949169 | Stamp Act Congress | Meeting of representatives from nine colonies in New York. Resolved that only their elected representatives had the right to levy taxes on them. | |
| 438949170 | Sons and Daughters of Liberty | Terrorist organization intended to intimidate tax agents. Formed after the passage of the Stamp Act. | |
| 438949171 | Declatory Act (1766) | Face-saving measure by Parliament. Stated that Parliament had the right to tax and legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." | |
| 438949172 | Townshend Acts (1767) | Acts that created a lot of new duties, made British officials independent of colonial assemblies' checkbooks, provided for the search of private homes for smuggled goods, and suspended New York's assembly. | |
| 438949173 | writs of assistance | A general license to search anywhere and anything. An all-inclusive search warrant. | |
| 438949174 | John Dickinson, Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania | Argued that no taxation without representation was an essential tenet of British law and as such Britain should not be able to levy taxes on its colonies without the consent of their representative assemblies. | |
| 438949175 | Samuel Adams | Wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter with James Otis. | |
| 438949176 | James Otis | Wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter with Samuel Adams. | |
| 438949177 | Massachusetts Circular Letter | Urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. | |
| 438949178 | Lord Frederick North | Prime Minister in favor of repealing the Townshend Acts because of their overall suckiness. | |
| 438949179 | Boston Massacre (1770) | Colonists throw rocks and ice at soldiers in Boston, get shot. | |
| 438949180 | Crispus Attucks | Black guy killed in the Boston Massacre. | |
| 438949181 | Committees of Correspondence | Initiated by Samuel Adams, these spread the idea that British officials were deliberately conspiring against colonial liberties. | |
| 438949182 | Gaspee Incident | Colonists burn a hated smuggler-catching ship. | |
| 438949183 | Tea Act (1773) | Made the British East India Tea Company's tea cheaper than all other tea in the colonies. Colonists refused to buy it because to have done so would have been to recognize Parliament's power to tax them. | |
| 438949184 | Boston Tea Party (1773) | Colonists dressed like Indians throw 342 chests of the British East India Tea Company's tea into Boston harbor. | |
| 438949185 | Intolerable Acts | The colonists' name for the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Acts. | |
| 438949186 | Coercive Acts (1774) | The Port Bill, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. | |
| 438949187 | Port Bill | Closed the port of Boston until the destroyed tea from the Boston Tea Party was paid for. | |
| 438949188 | Massachusetts Government Act | Reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of its governor. | |
| 438949189 | Administration of Justice Act | Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England rather than the colonies. | |
| 438949190 | Quartering Act | Expanded the earlier laws about quartering to enable British soldiers to be quartered in private homes. | |
| 438949191 | Quebec Act (1774) | Organized the Canadian lands gained from France. Resented by the colonists of the 13 colonies. | |
| 438949192 | Enlightenment | Leaders of this movement believed that humanity's problems could be corrected through the use of humanity's logic. | |
| 438949193 | John Locke | Enlightenment thinker. Argued that humans had certain basic rights and that they had an obligation to revolt against any government that failed to protect them. | |
| 438949194 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Enlightenment thinker. Developed Locke's ideas. Stated that a "social contract" existed between a government and its people and that either party could void it through their actions. | |
| 438949195 | First Continental Congress (1774) | Called to protest the Intolerable Acts. All of the colonies but Georgia sent representatives. | |
| 438949196 | Patrick Henry | Radical faction leader at the First continental Congress. | |
| 438949197 | Samuel Adams | Radical faction leader at the First continental Congress. | |
| 438949198 | John Adams | Radical faction leader at the First continental Congress. | |
| 438949199 | George Washington | Moderate faction leader at the First Continental Congress. | |
| 438949200 | John Dickinson | Moderate faction leader at the First Continental Congress. | |
| 438949201 | John Jay | Conservative faction leader at the First Continental Congress. | |
| 438949202 | Joseph Galloway | Conservative faction leader at the First Continental Congress. | |
| 438949203 | Suffolk Resolves | Rejected the Intolerable Acts and called for their immediate repeal. | |
| 438949204 | economic sanctions | Actions that are intended to hurt the economy of another country, such as boycotts. | |
| 438949205 | Declaration of Rights and Grievances | Petition to the king urging him to make right his wrongs. | |
| 438949206 | Paul Revere | "The British are coming! The British are co- oops, looks like I got arrested." | |
| 438949207 | William Dawes | "The British are coming! The British are coming! I didn't get arrested!" | |
| 438949208 | Minutemen | Militia. | |
| 438949209 | Lexington | First battle of the American Revolution. "The shot heard 'round the world." | |
| 438949210 | Concord | The second battle of the American Revolution. | |
| 438949211 | Battle of Bunker Hill | The first real battle of the American Revolution. The British manage to take Breed's Hill, but take over a thousand casualties. | |
| 438949212 | Second Continental Congress (1775) | Meets in Philadelphia to figure out what in the hell they plan to do now that the fighting has started. | |
| 438949213 | Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms | Declared the causes and necessities for taking up arms. | |
| 438949214 | Olive Branch Petition | Petitioned the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and colonial rights. Angrily dismissed by the king. | |
| 438949215 | Prohibitory Act (1775) | Act declaring the colonies to be in rebellion. | |
| 438949216 | Common Sense; Thomas Paine | Made a clear and forceful argument for the colonies becoming independent states and breaking all political ties with the monarchy. | |
| 438949217 | Declaration of Independence | Document declaring the colonies to be independent. | |
| 438949218 | Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence. | |
| 438949219 | Patriots | Colonists who actively took part in the struggle against Britain. | |
| 438949220 | Loyalists (Tories) | Colonists who maintained their allegiance to the king. | |
| 438949221 | Valley Forge | Severe-winter campsite of Washington's army, 1777-1778. | |
| 438949222 | Continentals | Worthless paper money issued by Congress during the war. | |
| 438949223 | George Rogers Clark | Revolutionary commander who captured a series of British forts in the Illinois country. | |
| 438949224 | Battle of Saratoga | The turning point of the war. | |
| 438949225 | absolute monarch | One person who holds all of a country's political power. | |
| 438949226 | Battle of Yorktown | Washington forces the surrender of Cornwallis' army by trapping him against the French navy. Last major battle of the war. | |
| 438949227 | Treaty of Paris (1783) | Treaty ending the Revolutionary War. | |
| 438949228 | Articles of Confederation | The first national government under which all of the colonies fell. A failure, due to a near-complete lack of ability to do anything. | |
| 438949229 | unicameral legislature | A legislature of one house. | |
| 438949230 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | Divided the western lands into townships with plots of land set aside for education. | |
| 438949231 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Set the rules for creating new states out of the northwest territory. | |
| 438949232 | Shays' Rebellion | The Articles of Confederation were unable to suppress it. Broken by the state militia of Massachusetts. | |
| 438949233 | Mary McCauley (Molly Pitcher) | Took her husband's place in the army during the Revolutionary War. | |
| 438949234 | Deborah Sampson | Posed as a man so that she could serve in the military during the Revolutionary War. | |
| 438949235 | Abigail Adams | Attempted to get her husband John to be more "generous and favorable" in the case of the ladies. |
