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| 2891403089 | Which of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? | osseous | 0 | |
| 2891403090 | The study of tissues is called | histology | 1 | |
| 2891403091 | Which of the following structures cannot be viewed clearly with a compound light microscope? | viruses | 2 | |
| 2891403092 | Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with its approximate size? | amino acid: 1μm | 3 | |
| 2891403093 | To get the best resolution when viewing a sample, which of the following structures would you use? | transmission electron microscope | 4 | |
| 2891403094 | The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is ________ tissue. | epithelial | 5 | |
| 2891403095 | Functions of epithelia include all of the following except | supporting muscle cells | 6 | |
| 2891403096 | Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for | secretion | 7 | |
| 2891403097 | Epithelial cells lining the internal passageways of the digestive tract usually have ________ at their free surface. | microvilli | 8 | |
| 2891403098 | The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the following except | oval | 9 | |
| 2891403107 | Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? | They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress | 10 | |
| 2891403116 | Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except | contraction | 11 | |
| 2891403126 | Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as | neuroepithelia | 12 | |
| 2891403135 | Cells that are specialized for secretion | exhibit polarity | 13 | |
| 2891403144 | Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________. | enzymes; hormones | 14 | |
| 2891403153 | Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably | epithelium | 15 | |
| 2891403163 | An epithelial cell with cilia would have them on the ________ surface. | apical | 16 | |
| 2891403172 | Endocrine gland cells produce | hormones | 17 | |
| 2891403181 | Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue. | epithelial | 18 | |
| 2891403190 | A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n) | tight junction | 19 | |
| 2891403200 | Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycans reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called | desmosomes | 20 | |
| 2891403209 | Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by | a basal lamina | 21 | |
| 2891403218 | The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the | gap junction | 22 | |
| 2891403227 | In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant? | desmosomes | 23 | |
| 2891403238 | Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 indicates a hemidesmosome? | A | 24 | |
| 2891403248 | 26) Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 indicates a tight junction? | B | 25 | |
| 2891403257 | Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 indicates an adhesion belt? | C | 26 | |
| 2891403266 | Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 is very abundant in cardiac muscle? | D | 27 | |
| 2891403275 | Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 is very abundant in skin? | E | 28 | |
| 2891403285 | 30) Gap junctions can be found in all of the following tissues except | skeletal muscle | 29 | |
| 2891403345 | The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ________ epithelium. | simple squamous | 30 | |
| 2891403354 | ________ epithelium is found lining blood vessels. | Simple squamous | 31 | |
| 2891403363 | Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the | heart and blood vessels | 32 | |
| 2891403373 | The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as | simple squamous | 33 | |
| 2891403382 | The heart and blood vessels are lined by ________ epithelium. | simple squamous | 34 | |
| 2891403391 | The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as | mesothelium | 35 | |
| 2891403400 | The lining of the heart and blood vessels is called | endothelium | 36 | |
| 2891403410 | Transitional epithelium is found | lining the urinary bladder | 37 | |
| 2891403419 | Simple cuboidal epithelium is found | forming the kidney tubules | 38 | |
| 2891403428 | The kidney contains large quantities of ________ epithelium. | simple cuboidal | 39 | |
| 2891403437 | ________ epithelium is found in the bladder. | Transitional | 40 | |
| 2891403447 | All of the following types of epithelium can be found where absorption or secretion takes place except | stratified squamous | 41 | |
| 2891403456 | The ________ epithelium of the respiratory tract has protective functions. | pseudostratified columnar | 42 | |
| 2891403465 | Simple columnar epithelia are found | lining the stomach | 43 | |
| 2891403474 | You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the | trachea | 44 | |
| 2891403484 | Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands. | endocrine | 45 | |
| 2891403493 | Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product? | apocrine | 46 | |
| 2891403502 | Endocrine glands empty their products into ________ and are referred to as ________ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into ________ or onto surfaces. | interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts | 47 | |
| 2891403511 | Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion. | merocrine | 48 | |
| 2891403521 | The pancreas produces both hormones and digestive enzymes. These are ________ secretions. | exocrine and endocrine | 49 | |
| 2891403531 | Unicellular exocrine glands secrete | mucus | 50 | |
| 2891403539 | A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind round pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called | simple alveolar (acinar) | 51 | |
| 2891403593 | ________ secretions are released by the gland cells into the interstitial space. | Endocrine | 52 | |
| 2891403603 | The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells. | apocrine | 53 | |
| 2891403612 | ________ is the fluid component of all connective tissues. | Ground substance | 54 | |
| 2891403622 | The three types of connective tissue include | connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective. | 55 | |
| 2891403630 | The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as | matrix | 56 | |
| 2891403640 | Connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by | fibroblasts | 57 | |
| 2891403649 | Cells that store fat are called | adipocytes | 58 | |
| 2891403658 | The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue. | reticular connective | 59 | |
| 2891403667 | Two classes of macrophages include | fixed macrophages and free macrophages | 60 | |
| 2891403677 | The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are | collagen, reticular, and elastic | 61 | |
| 2891403686 | Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen? | fibroblasts | 62 | |
| 2891403695 | Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except | transporting substances throughout the body | 63 | |
| 2891403704 | Lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. Some of these cells are termed plasma cells, while their proteins are called | antibodies | 64 | |
| 2891403714 | Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are | macrophages | 65 | |
| 2891403724 | Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are | mesenchymal stem cells | 66 | |
| 2891403732 | ________ connective tissue is a type of ________ connective tissue. | Adipose; loose | 67 | |
| 2891403741 | Antibodies are produced by | plasma cells | 68 | |
| 2891403751 | The dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is | collagen | 69 | |
| 2891403760 | Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except | areolar connective tissue | 70 | |
| 2891403769 | Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are | dense irregular connective tissues | 71 | |
| 2891403778 | What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood? | red blood cells | 72 | |
| 2891403819 | ________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another. | Tendons; ligaments | 73 | |
| 2891403828 | The watery fluid component of blood is called | plasma | 74 | |
| 2891403837 | The three kinds of formed elements in blood are | white cells, red cells, and platelets | 75 | |
| 2891403846 | The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are | plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid | 76 | |
| 2891403856 | Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is termed | lymph | 77 | |
| 2891403865 | What cell type contains histamine and heparin? | basophils | 78 | |
| 2891403874 | Defense cells in blood are called | white blood cells | 79 | |
| 2891403883 | Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________ growth. | interstitial | 80 | |
| 2891403893 | In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter. | appositional | 81 | |
| 2891403902 | A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected? | fibrocartilage | 82 | |
| 2891403911 | Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue? | supporting connective | 83 | |
| 2891403920 | Which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea? | hyaline cartilage | 84 | |
| 2891403930 | Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of | cartilage | 85 | |
| 2891403939 | Elastic cartilage is found | in the ear | 86 | |
| 2891403948 | Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous | perichondrium | 87 | |
| 2891403957 | The type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs is ________ cartilage. | fibrous | 88 | |
| 2891403967 | Osseous tissue is also called | bone | 89 | |
| 2891403976 | Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to | bone | 90 | |
| 2891403985 | Unlike cartilage, bone | is highly vascular | 91 | |
| 2891403994 | Bone is ________ tissue. | living connective | 92 | |
| 2891404004 | All of the following are characteristics of synovial membrane except that it | is avascular | 93 | |
| 2891404013 | ________ tissues combine to form body membranes that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body. | Epithelia and connective | 94 | |
| 2891404062 | The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called | the lamina propria | 95 | |
| 2891404071 | Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? | mucous | 96 | |
| 2891404081 | The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of | serous membranes | 97 | |
| 2891404090 | The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the | peritoneum | 98 | |
| 2891404099 | Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon? | deep fascia | 99 | |
| 2891404108 | Adhesions of abdominopelvic organs due to friction occur when ________ is/are damaged. | serous membranes | 100 | |
| 2891404118 | Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells. This tissue would most likely be | superficial fascia between skin and muscle | 101 | |
| 2891404127 | Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue. | muscle | 102 | |
| 2891404136 | In which of the following are the four tissue types arranged correctly from the highest to lowest percentage of body weight? | muscle, connective, epithelial, nervous | 103 | |
| 2891404145 | The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle. | smooth | 104 | |
| 2891404155 | Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue. | neural | 105 | |
| 2891404164 | All ________ function to propagate electrical signals from one place to another. | neurons | 106 | |
| 2891404173 | The ________ is the part of a neuron that conducts the signal to other cells. | axon | 107 | |
| 2891404182 | All of the following are true of neurons except that they | are a very specialized form of connective tissue | 108 | |
| 2891404192 | 110) Intercalated discs and striations are characteristic of ________ tissue. | cardiac muscle | 109 | |
| 2891404201 | Of the following tissues, which has the least ability to regenerate after injury? | skeletal muscle | 110 | |
| 2891404210 | During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is least likely in the region of the injury? | pale, cold skin | 111 | |
| 2891404219 | Which of the following statements about tissue swelling that occurs during inflammation is true? | It is triggered by histamine and caused by increased endothelial permeability | 112 | |
| 2891404229 | 114) All of the following are part of the inflammation response except | production of collagenous framework | 113 | |
| 2891404239 | Explain why sunburned skin peels rather than being shed as a powder. | The abundant desmosomes between cells in the superficial layers of the skin hold the cells together as a sheet instead of loosely organized cells. | 114 | |
| 2891404243 | What type of epithelium would you expect to find lining the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs and why? | Since air must diffuse from the alveoli into the bloodstream, you would expect to find very thin cells, or squamous epithelium. Thicker types of epithelial cells would slow the process of gas diffusion to and from the blood. | 115 | |
| 2891404247 | A biology student accidentally loses the labels of two prepared slides she is studying. One is a slide of an intestine; the other is a slide of an esophagus. You volunteer to help her sort them out. How would you decide which slide is which? | Because animal intestine is modified for absorption, you would look for a slide that shows a single layer of epithelium lining the cavity. The cells would be cuboidal or columnar and would probably have microvilli on the surface to increase surface area. Because the esophagus receives undigested food, it would have a stratified epithelium consisting of squamous cells to protect it. | 116 | |
| 2891404251 | Analysis of a glandular secretion indicates that it contains some DNA, RNA, and membrane components such as phospholipids. What kind of secretion is this and why? | The presence of DNA, RNA, and membrane components suggest that the cell was destroyed during the process of secretion. This is consistent with a holocrine type of secretion. | 117 | |
| 2891404288 | Harriet had liposuction several years ago, but has since gained back all the weight lost through the procedure. She does not understand her weight gain because adipocytes are incapable of dividing. Provide a plausible explanation. | While it is true that adipocytes do not divide and the number of fat cells in peripheral tissues is limited, mesenchymal cells can divide and give rise to cells that differentiate into fat cells. Thus, areolar connective tissue can become adipose tissue in times of nutritional excess. Along with this, the fat cells that remain after surgery can enlarge by storing more tr iglyceride if the patient continues to overeat. | 118 | |
| 2891404292 | Cartilage heals poorly and in many instances does not heal or recover at all after a severe injury. Why not? | Cartilage lacks blood vessels, because chondrocytes produce a substance that inhibits the formation of blood vessels. This limits nutrient and oxygen delivery. Furthermore, adult chondrocytes are terminally differentiated and can't divide so no more interstitial growth occurs. Both avascularity and lack of cell division combine to minimize cartilage healing. | 119 | |
| 2891404296 | Which is likely to heal faster, a bone injury or a cartilage injury? Why? | Bone injuries heal relatively quickly because of the good nutrient supply by way of nearby blood vessels and the canaliculi, whereas cartilage is supplied nutrients via diffusion from the outside, a far slower process. | 120 | |
| 2891404300 | Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue. List three similarities and three differences among them. | Similarities: All have contractile proteins; skeletal and cardiac have striations; cardiac and smooth are involuntary; cardiac and smooth are uninucleate. Differences: Skeletal is voluntary; cardiac has intercalated discs; smooth is nonstriated; skeletal is multinucleate. | 121 | |
| 2891404306 | What is the difference between neurons and neuroglia? | Neurons are specialized to respond to chemical and electrical signals and communicate by propagating an electric impulse along their axon. Neuroglia are a diverse group of cell types within neural tissue that support, nourish, and protect neurons. | 122 | |
| 2891404311 | During the inflammatory process, blood vessels dilate. What does this accomplish? | It allows for increased blood flow for delivery of nutrients, oxygen, and defense cells and proteins and for the removal of waste products and debris from the site of injury. | 123 |
