D'Youville College
Intro. to Anatomy & Physiology
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| 296375015 | Anatomy | Study of the structure of living organisms. | 0 | |
| 296375016 | Physiology | Study of the function of living organisms. Branch of biology that deals with the functions, mechanisms, and activities of organisms at the cellular or organ system level. | 1 | |
| 296375017 | Palpation | Part of a physical examination where an organ is felt to determine: size, shape, firmness and location. | 2 | |
| 296375018 | Auscultation | The act of listening to sounds from an organ that helps with diagnosis and treatment. | 3 | |
| 296375019 | Emergent properties | Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Animal | 4 | |
| 296375020 | Holistic | Medical practice that takes on peoples psychological, physical, and social needs as a whole. | 5 | |
| 296375021 | Reductionism | ... | 6 | |
| 296375022 | Internal Environment | The outside of cells inside the body of an organism. | 7 | |
| 296375023 | External Environment | The environment outside of an organism which relates to physical, chemical, biological, and social conditions surrounding an organism. | 8 | |
| 296375024 | Homeostasis | A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body. Stimulus -> Receptor -> Input (Control Center) Output -> Effector (Response) | 9 | |
| 296375025 | Dynamic Equilibrium | Senses that reports on angular (rotatory) acceleration or deceleration of the head in space. | 10 | |
| 296375026 | Supine | The position where an individual is laying down while facing up. | 11 | |
| 296375027 | Prone | The position where and individual is laying down while facing down. | 12 | |
| 296375028 | Anatomical Position | Individual is standing upwards in position facing forward, arms to the side with palms facing forward. | 13 | |
| 296375029 | Viscera | Large interior organs in the greater cavities especially in the abdomen. | 14 | |
| 296375030 | Gross | Large enough to be visible by the naked eye | 15 | |
| 296379389 | Surface | ... | 16 | |
| 296379390 | Regional | ... | 17 | |
| 296379391 | Microscopic | ... | 18 | |
| 296379392 | Histology | ... | 19 | |
| 296379393 | Systemic | ... | 20 | |
| 296379394 | Developmental Anatomy | ... | 21 | |
| 296379395 | Cytology | ... | 22 | |
| 296379396 | Embryology | ... | 23 | |
| 296379397 | Cell Physiology | functions and activities of cells as a whole or of any of it's body parts | 24 | |
| 296379398 | Exercise Physiology | multidisciplinary discipline including the fields of aging, cell biology, developmental biology, epidemiology, genomics, immunology, molccular biology, clinical medicine, etc. | 25 | |
| 296379399 | Systemic Physiology | functions and activies of respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, etc. as a whole or of any of it's body parts. | 26 | |
| 296379400 | Respiratory | ... | 27 | |
| 296379401 | Cardiovascular | ... | 28 | |
| 296379402 | Urinary | ... | 29 | |
| 296379403 | Pathology/Pathophysiology | That part of the science of disease concerned with disordered function, as distinguished from anatomical lesions. | 30 | |
| 296379404 | Atoms | The smallest unit of matter indivisible by chemical means. | 31 | |
| 296379405 | Tissues | a functional grouping of cells | 32 | |
| 296379406 | Molecules | group of atoms | 33 | |
| 296379407 | Organelles | functional grouping of biomolecules; biochemical reactions and interactions | 34 | |
| 296379408 | Organs | a functional grouping of tissues | 35 | |
| 296379409 | Cells | the basic unit of all life and the grouping of organelles | 36 | |
| 296379410 | Organ Systems | a functional grouping of organs | 37 | |
| 296379411 | Organism | the basic living system, a functional grouping of the lower-level components, including at least one cell | 38 | |
| 296379412 | Integumentary | ... | 39 | |
| 296379413 | Skeletal | ... | 40 | |
| 296379414 | Muscular | ... | 41 | |
| 296379415 | Nervous | ... | 42 | |
| 296379416 | Endocrine | ... | 43 | |
| 296379417 | Cardiovascular | ... | 44 | |
| 296379418 | Lymphatic | ... | 45 | |
| 296379419 | Respiratory | ... | 46 | |
| 296379420 | Digestive | ... | 47 | |
| 296379421 | Urinary | ... | 48 | |
| 296379422 | Reproductive | ... | 49 | |
| 296379423 | How are structure and function related? | ... | 50 | |
| 296379424 | Example of Hemostasis | Homeostasis is when a negative or positive feedback mechanism happens and the body will either send signals to regulate back to normalcy or create most responses (for example giving birth and contractions) till body is back to normalcy. | 51 | |
| 296379425 | Autoregulation | ... | 52 | |
| 296379426 | Extrinsic Regulation | ... | 53 | |
| 296379427 | Example of Autoregulation | ... | 54 | |
| 296379428 | Example of Extrinsic Regulation | ... | 55 | |
| 296379429 | Effector | Receives information from control center to regulate body back to homeostatic state. | 56 | |
| 296379430 | Afferent Pathway | Pathway of receptor to control center | 57 | |
| 296379431 | Efferent Pathway | Pathway of control center to effector | 58 | |
| 296379432 | Receptors | Notices change (from stimulus) and sends a signal to the control center to create a response to put body back into homeostatic state | 59 | |
| 296379433 | Response | Is what the effector does to put the body back into the homeostatic state | 60 | |
| 296379434 | Stimulus | A sudden change in the body that creates a reaction for the receptor | 61 | |
| 296379435 | Positive Feedback | Positive feedback means a continuous change and body will never go back to the original state Example: Giving birth. Mother keeps receiving contractions until the baby is born. There is no balance of anything out of anything. | 62 | |
| 296379436 | Negative Feedback | Negative feedback means a change in the body that is opposite of what the body was originally in. Example: Body should stay at normal body temperature. When it gets too cold you will shiver to heat up the body back to its normal temperature. When it gets too hot you will sweat to lower the body temperature. | 63 | |
| 296379437 | Superior | Toward the head end or upper part of the structure or the body; above | 64 | |
| 296379438 | Inferior | Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure of the body; below | 65 | |
| 296379439 | Ventral | Toward or at the front of the body; in front of | 66 | |
| 296379440 | Dorsal | Toward or at the back of the body; behind | 67 | |
| 296379441 | Medial | Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of | 68 | |
| 296379442 | Lateral | Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of | 69 | |
| 296379443 | Intermediate | Between a more medial and a more lateral structure | 70 | |
| 296379444 | Proximal | Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk | 71 | |
| 296379445 | Distal | Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk | 72 | |
| 296379446 | Superficial | Toward or at the body surface | 73 | |
| 296379447 | Deep | Away from the body surface; more internal | 74 | |
| 296379448 | Contralateral | Related to the opposite side | 75 | |
| 296379449 | Ipsilateral | Situated on the same side | 76 | |
| 296379450 | Cephalic | Pertaining to the head. | 77 | |
| 296379451 | Caudal | Pertaining to the tail. | 78 | |
| 296379452 | Axial | Makes up the main axis of our body including, the head neck, and trunk | 79 | |
| 296379453 | Appendicular | Consist of the appendages or limbs | 80 | |
| 296379454 | Sagittal Plane | Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts | 81 | |
| 296379455 | Midsagittal Plane | Exactly in the middle is the midsagittal plane that divides the body exactly in half | 82 | |
| 296379456 | Parasagittal Plane | Offset from the middle of the plane | 83 | |
| 296379457 | Frontal (Coronal) Plane | Divides the body into anterior and posterior. | 84 | |
| 296379458 | Transverse Plane | Also known as horizontal plane horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior. | 85 | |
| 296379459 | Dorsal Cavity | back part of the body; two subdivisions are cranial and spinal | 86 | |
| 296379460 | Cranial | part of the dorsal cavity containing the brain | 87 | |
| 296379461 | Vertebral (spinal) | part of the dorsal cavity containing the spinal cord | 88 | |
| 296379462 | Ventral | front part of the body; two subdivisions are thoracic and abdominopelvic | 89 | |
| 296379463 | Thoracic Cavity | chest cavity that includes left and right pleural cavities and midportion called the mediastinum | 90 | |
| 296379464 | Pleural Cavity | left and right sides of the thoracic (chest) cavity; contain the lungs | 91 | |
| 296379465 | Mediastinum | middle portion of the thoracic (chest) cavity that contains the heart, trachea, etc. | 92 | |
| 296379466 | Pericardial Cavity | contains the heart, and other thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea, and others.) | 93 | |
| 296379467 | Abdominopelvic Cavity | made of an upper part called the abdominal cavity and a lower called the pelvic cavity | 94 | |
| 296379468 | Abdominal Cavity | from the diaphragm to the rim of the pelvic bones | 95 | |
| 296379469 | Pelvic Cavity | from the pelvic rim to the floor of the trunk | 96 | |
| 296960494 | Maintaining Boundaries | Internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding itself. | 97 | |
| 296960495 | Movement | activities promoting the body to use energy (muscle movement, digestion, building new cells, etc.) | 98 | |
| 296960496 | Responsiveness | Ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them. | 99 | |
| 296960497 | Digestion | Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be absorbed. | 100 | |
| 296960498 | Metabolism | Sum total of the chemical reactions occurring in the body cells. | 101 | |
| 296960499 | Excretion | Elimination of waste products from the body. | 102 | |
| 296960500 | Reproduction | Occurs at cellular and organismal level. Cell reproduction and reproduction of a human organism. | 103 | |
| 296960501 | Growth | an increase in size of a body part or organism. | 104 | |
| 297562780 | Levels of Organization starting with an Atom | Atoms → Molecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism | 105 |
