Exam 1
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| 1168762743 | Animals are _______, _______ _______ with _____ that develop from _______ layers. | multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes, tissues, embryonic | 0 | |
| 1168762744 | _______ are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers. | Animals | 1 | |
| 1168762745 | Animal cells lack ____ ____. | cell walls | 2 | |
| 1168762746 | What two tissues do animals have? | nervous and muscle | 3 | |
| 1168762747 | Animal cells are held together by _______ and specializes ________. | collagen, junctions | 4 | |
| 1168762748 | What is another example of a heterotroph besides animals? | fungi | 5 | |
| 1168762750 | Animal Traits (there's 3) | First degree sexual reproduction, dominant stage: diploid, and hox genes | 6 | |
| 1168762751 | What does diploid mean? | two copies of each chromosome | 7 | |
| 1168762752 | Hox genes | Important roles in the development of animal embryos | 8 | |
| 1168762753 | What plays an important role in the development of animal embryos? | hox genes | 9 | |
| 1168762754 | In what organisms can hox genes be found? | only in animals | 10 | |
| 1168762755 | definition of monophyletic | a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants | 11 | |
| 1168762756 | A group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants | monophyletic | 12 | |
| 1168762757 | Hypothesis for the origin of animals from a flagellated protist | colonial protist, hollow unspecialized cells, beginning of cell specialization, infolding, gastrula | 13 | |
| 1168762758 | colonial protist, hollow unspecialized cells, beginning of cell specialization, infolding, gastrula | hypothesis for the origin of animals from a flagellated protist | 14 | |
| 1168762759 | Phylogenetic Tree | Shows relationships among animal phyla. The longer the line, the longer it has been since the split of phyla | 15 | |
| 1168762760 | What are the body plans involving symmetry? | asymmetric, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry | 16 | |
| 1168762761 | Asymmetric body plans | not symmetric, ex. sponges | 17 | |
| 1168762762 | Radial symmetry | can split more than once, have a top and bottom | 18 | |
| 1168762763 | Bilateral symmetry | split once, have dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior regions | 19 | |
| 1168762764 | Cephalization | sensory organs in head region, occurs in bilateral symmetry | 20 | |
| 1168762765 | Animal Phylogeny | morphological and developmental comparisons | 21 | |
| 1168762766 | Body Plans: Tissues (formation of gastrula) | fertilized egg, two cell stage, four cell stage, early blastula, late blastula, gastrula with blastopore | 22 | |
| 1168762767 | fertilized egg, two cell stage, four cell stage, early blastula, late blastula, gastrula with blastopore | Body Plans: Tissues (formation of gastrula) | 23 | |
| 1168762768 | Triploblastic organisms | have an ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm | 24 | |
| 1168762769 | have an ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm | Triploblastic organisms | 25 | |
| 1168762770 | Ectoderm | skin and nervous system | 26 | |
| 1168762771 | skin and nervous system | ectoderm | 27 | |
| 1168762772 | endoderm | lining of the gut, "gut organs" | 28 | |
| 1168762773 | lining of the gut, "gut organs" | endoderm | 29 | |
| 1168762774 | mesoderm | muscles, skeleton, circulatory, kidney | 30 | |
| 1168762775 | muscles, skeleton, circulatory, kidney | mesoderm | 31 | |
| 1168762776 | Acoelomate: no _____ _____; has ____ _____ from ectoderm, _____ ______ ______ from mesoderm, and ______ _______ from endoderm. | body cavities, body covering, tissue filled region, digestive tract | 32 | |
| 1168762777 | _________: no body cavities; has body covering from ________, tissue filled region from _______, and digestive tract from ________. | Acoelomate, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm | 33 | |
| 1168762778 | Pseudocoelomate: has a ___________; has ____ _____ from ectoderm, ______ ______ from mesoderm, and ______ _______ from endoderm. | pseudocoelom, body covering, muscle layer, digestive tract | 34 | |
| 1168762779 | _____________: has a pseudocoelom; has body covering from ________, muscle layer from ________, and digestive tract from _______. | Pseudocoelomate, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm | 35 | |
| 1168762780 | Coelomate: has a ________; has ____ _____ from ectoderm, _____ ______ (______ coelom and _______ internal organs) from mesoderm, and ______ _______ from endoderm. | coelom, body covering, tissue layer, lining, suspending, digestive tract | 36 | |
| 1168762781 | ________: has a coelom, has body covering from _______, tissue layer (lining _____ and suspending ______ _______ ) from ______, and digestive tract from _______. | Coelomate, ectoderm, coelom, internal organs, mesoderm, endoderm | 37 | |
| 1168762782 | Protostomes Cleavage | Spiral and determinant | 38 | |
| 1168762783 | Spiral and determinant | protostomes cleavage | 39 | |
| 1168762784 | deuterostomes cleavage | radial and indeterminate / stem cells | 40 | |
| 1168762785 | radial and indeterminate (stem cells) | deuterostomes cleavage | 41 | |
| 1168762786 | protostomes coelom formation | mesoderm splits / schizocoelous | 42 | |
| 1168762787 | mesoderm splits (schizocoelous) | protostomes coelom formation | 43 | |
| 1168762788 | deuterostomes coelom formation | archenteron folds / enterocoelous | 44 | |
| 1168762789 | archenteron folds (enterocoelous) | deuterostomes coelom formation | 45 | |
| 1168762790 | protostomes fate of blastopore | mouth | 46 | |
| 1168762791 | deuterostomes fate of blastopore | anus | 47 | |
| 1168762792 | Differences between protostomes and deuterostomes | cleavage, coelom formation, and fate of blastopore | 48 | |
| 1168762793 | What is the term for a grouping animal phylogeny morphologically? | grade | 49 | |
| 1168762794 | What is the term for a grouping of animal phylogeny by molecular data? | clade | 50 | |
| 1168762795 | Causes of the Cambrian Explosion | ecological, geologic, genetic | 51 | |
| 1168762796 | Ecological causes of the cambrian explosion | predator and prey relations | 52 | |
| 1168762797 | geologic causes of the cambrian explosion | development of oxygen in the atmosphere | 53 | |
| 1168762798 | genetic causes of the cambrian explosion | emergence of hox genes | 54 | |
| 1168762799 | Characteristics of the phylum annelida | protostomes, invertebrates. segmentation, septum, skin is a respiration organ, sexual hermaphrodite | 55 | |
| 1168762800 | annelida segmentation | little rings | 56 | |
| 1168762801 | annelida septum | between segmentation | 57 | |
| 1168762802 | the skin of annelida being a respiration organ... | it needs to be moist | 58 | |
| 1168762803 | annelida sexual hermaphrodite | have both male and female sexual parts | 59 | |
| 1168762804 | Circulation in annelida | segmented, pumping, closed | 60 | |
| 1168762805 | annelida metanephridia | part of the excretory system | 61 | |
| 1168762806 | nervous system in annelida | cerebral ganglia, subpharangeal ganglion, ventral nerve | 62 | |
| 1168762807 | ganglia | a cluster of neurons | 63 | |
| 1168762808 | classes within the phylum annelida | oligochaeta, polychaeta, hirudinea | 64 | |
| 1168762809 | class oligochaeta | in phylum annelida, earthworms and some aquatic species, no parapodia, few setae | 65 | |
| 1168762810 | in phylum annelida, earthworms and some aquatic species, no parapodia, few setae | class oligochaeta | 66 | |
| 1168762811 | class polychaeta | in phylum annelida, marine worms, many setae, parapodia | 67 | |
| 1168762812 | in phylum annelida, marine worms, many setae, parapodia | class polychaeta | 68 | |
| 1168762813 | class hirudinea | in phylum annelida, leeches | 69 | |
| 1168762814 | in phylum annelida, leeches | class hirudinea | 70 | |
| 1168762815 | setae | help with locomotion | 71 | |
| 1168762816 | help with locomotion | setae | 72 | |
| 1168762817 | parapodia | function as gills, filter feeders, and respiration | 73 | |
| 1168762818 | function as gills, filter feeders, and respiration | parapodia | 74 | |
| 1174943643 | Characteristics of the phylum arthropoda | protostomes, invertebrates. segmentation, exoskeleton, jointed appendages, cephalization, respiration, open circulatory system | 75 | |
| 1174943644 | protostomes, invertebrates. segmentation, exoskeleton, jointed appendages, cephalization, respiration, open circulatory system | characteristics of the phylum arthropoda | 76 | |
| 1174943645 | exoskeleton | helps them be successful in terrestrial environment | 77 | |
| 1174943646 | helps them be successful in terrestrial environment | exoskeleton | 78 | |
| 1174943647 | layers of exoskeleton | chitin: rigid. Cuticle: waxy to protect from water, located where muscles attach to help walk on land | 79 | |
| 1174943648 | chitin: rigid. Cuticle: waxy to protect from water, located where muscles attach to help walk on land | layers of exoskeleton | 80 | |
| 1174943649 | respiration of terrestrial arthropods | trachea | 81 | |
| 1174943650 | trachea | respiration of terrestrial arthropods | 82 | |
| 1174943651 | respiration of aquatic arthropods | gills | 83 | |
| 1174943652 | gills | respiration of aquatic arthropods | 84 | |
| 1174943654 | open circulatory system: hemolymph | fluid isn't enclosed, empties out into body cavity | 85 | |
| 1174943656 | fluid isn't enclosed, empties out into body cavity | open circulatory system: hemolymph | 86 | |
| 1174943658 | subphylum cheliceriformes | in phylum arthropoda, 1-2 segments, 6 pairs of appendages, terrestrial or marine | 87 | |
| 1174943659 | in phylum arthropoda, 1-2 segments, 6 pairs of appendages, terrestrial or marine | subphylum cheliceriformes | 88 | |
| 1174943660 | appendages of cheliceriformes and their purposes | chelicerae: feeding, pedipals: feeding and reproduction, 4 pairs of walking legs | 89 | |
| 1174943661 | chelicerae: feeding, pedipals: feeding and reproduction, 4 pairs of walking legs | appendages of cheliceriformes | 90 | |
| 1174943662 | species of cheliceriformes | horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites | 91 | |
| 1174943663 | what subphylum are horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites in? | cheliceriformes | 92 | |
| 1174943664 | subphylum myriapoda | in phylum arthropoda, many segments, millipedes and centipedes | 93 | |
| 1174943665 | in phylum arthropoda, many segments, millipedes and centipedes | subphylum myriapoda | 94 | |
| 1174943666 | millipedes | herbivorous: eat dead organic matter. 2 leg pairs per segment | 95 | |
| 1174943667 | herbivorous: eat dead organic matter. 2 leg pairs per segment | millipedes | 96 | |
| 1174943668 | centipedes | carnivorous: faster, attack if provoked. 1 leg pair per segment | 97 | |
| 1174943669 | carnivorous: faster, attack if provoked. 1 leg pair per segment | centipedes | 98 | |
| 1174943670 | Subphylums of Arthropoda | cheliceriformes, myriapoda, hexapoda, crustacea | 99 | |
| 1174943671 | cheliceriformes, myriapoda, hexapoda, crustacea | subphylums of arthropoda | 100 | |
| 1174943672 | subphylum hexapoda | in phylum arthropoda. 3 segments, mostly terrestrial, wings, | 101 | |
| 1174943673 | in phylum arthropoda. 3 segments, mostly terrestrial, wings, | subphylum hexapoda | 102 | |
| 1174943674 | species of hexapoda | insects and springtails | 103 | |
| 1174943675 | insects and springtails | species of hexapoda | 104 | |
| 1174943676 | segments of hexapoda (3) | head/thorax/abdomen, antennae, modified mouthparts: chewing, sucking (mosquitos), lapping (flies) | 105 | |
| 1174943677 | head/thorax/abdomen, antennae, modified mouthparts: chewing, sucking (mosquitos), lapping (flies) | segments of hexapoda (3) | 106 | |
| 1174943678 | purpose of wings on hexapoda | to regulate temp, then modified for swimming, then for flight | 107 | |
| 1174943679 | subphylum crustacea | in phylum arthopoda. 2-3 segments, antennae, chewing mouthparts, 3+ jointed pairs of legs, mostly marine and freshwater | 108 | |
| 1174943680 | in phylum arthopoda. 2-3 segments, antennae, chewing mouthparts, 3+ jointed pairs of legs, mostly marine and freshwater | subphylum crustacea | 109 | |
| 1174943681 | characteristics of phylum echinoderms | deuterostomes, invertebrates, water vascular system with tube feet, endoskeleton, adult symmetry: secondary radial anatomy, larvae symmetry: bilateral | 110 | |
| 1174943682 | deuterostomes, invertebrates, water vascular system with tube feet, endoskeleton, adult symmetry: secondary radial anatomy, larvae symmetry: bilateral | characteristics of phylum echinoderms | 111 | |
| 1174943683 | what is the water vascular system with tube feet in echinoderms used for? | motion, feeding, and respiration. | 112 | |
| 1174943684 | used for motion, feeding, and respiration | water vascular system with tube feet in echinoderms | 113 | |
| 1174943685 | parts of tube feet | circular part: ampalla. skinny part: podium | 114 | |
| 1174943686 | chemicals released by podium that allow starfish to stay put | adhesive and dehesive | 115 | |
| 1174943687 | process of water vascular system | water goes into ampalla, ampalla contracts, water goes down podium and allows chemicals to be released by podium | 116 | |
| 1174943688 | key traits of phylum chordata | deuterostome, invertebrates. notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits/clefts, muscular post-anal tail | 117 | |
| 1174943689 | deuterostome, invertebrates. notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits/clefts, muscular post-anal tail | key traits of phylum chordata | 118 | |
| 1174943690 | notochord | longitudinal, hollow tube found between nerve cord and digestive system. offers skeletal support system | 119 | |
| 1174943691 | longitudinal, hollow tube found between nerve cord and digestive system. offers skeletal support system | notochord | 120 | |
| 1174943692 | dorsal hollow nerve cord | develops into central nervous system | 121 | |
| 1174943693 | develops into central nervous system | dorsal hollow nerve cord | 122 | |
| 1174943694 | pharyngeal slits or clefts | allow organisms to take in a lot of water but not pass through the digestive system. Important for respiration | 123 | |
| 1174943695 | allow organisms to take in a lot of water but not pass through the digestive system. Important for respiration | pharyngeal slits or clefts | 124 | |
| 1174943696 | subphylum lancelets | in phylum chordata, has all 4 chordate traits, blade-like shape, least similar to mammals | 125 | |
| 1174943697 | in phylum chordata, has all 4 chordate traits, blade-like shape, least similar to mammals | subphylum lancelets | 126 | |
| 1174943698 | subphylum tunicates | in phylum chordata. goes through metamorphosis: has all 4 traits as larvae, then only slits as adults. doesn't move. nervous system absorbed | 127 | |
| 1174943699 | in phylum chordata. goes through metamorphosis: has all 4 traits as larvae, then only slits as adults. doesn't move. nervous system absorbed | subphylum tunicates | 128 | |
| 1174943700 | class hagfish | in phylum chordata, are craniates, lack jaws and vertebrae, has slime glands | 129 | |
| 1174943701 | in phylum chordata, are craniates, lack jaws and vertebrae, has slime glands | class hagfish | 130 | |
| 1174943702 | slime glands | lines of dots that release slimy substrate as a defense mechanism | 131 | |
| 1174943703 | lines of dotes that release slimy substrate as a defense mechanism | slime glands | 132 | |
| 1174943704 | craniates | chordates that have a head | 133 | |
| 1174943705 | chordates that have a head | craniates | 134 | |
| 1174943706 | vertebrates | craniates that have a backbone | 135 | |
| 1174943707 | craniates that have a backbone | vertebrates | 136 | |
| 1174943708 | how to distinguish other chordata classes from hagfish: | more extensive skull and vertebrae backbone | 137 | |
| 1179218885 | class lampreys | chordates. jawless-parasitic. skeleton-cartilage, made of phosphorus and calcium. larvae looks similar to lancelet | 138 | |
| 1179218886 | chordates. jawless-parasitic. skeleton-cartilage, made of phosphorus and calcium. larvae looks similar to lancelet | class lampreys | 139 | |
| 1179218887 | gnathostomes | vertebrates that have jaws | 140 | |
| 1179218888 | vertebrates that have jaws | gnathostomes | 141 | |
| 1179218889 | theory of jaw formation | 2 pairs of skeletal rods that slowly incorporated into the skull | 142 | |
| 1179218890 | classes that are gnathostomes | chondrichthyans, ray-finned fish, lobe-fin fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds, mammals | 143 | |
| 1179218891 | class chondrichthyans | skeleton is predominately cartilage. have nostrils for olfactory senses. can detect electrical current and muscle contracts. have good eyes for shape/size but not color | 144 | |
| 1179218892 | skeleton is predominately cartilage. have nostrils for olfactory senses. can detect electrical current and muscle contracts. have good eyes for shape/size but not color | class chondrichthyans | 145 | |
| 1179218893 | species of chondrichthyans | sharks, rays, skates. (largest sharks and rays are filter feeders.) | 146 | |
| 1179218894 | class ray-finned fish | Familiar fish that have fins with bony rays. Have a swim bladder which allows it to change its boincy (move up and down). evolutionary homology to lungs. | 147 | |
| 1179218895 | Familiar fish that have fins with bony rays. Have a swim bladder which allows it to change its boincy (move up and down). evolutionary homology to lungs. | class ray-finned fish | 148 | |
| 1179218896 | class lobe-fins | less common. rod-shaped bones and thick layer of muscle | 149 | |
| 1179218897 | less common. rod-shaped bones and thick layer of muscle | class lobe-fins | 150 | |
| 1179218898 | orders of lobe-fins | coelacanths and lungfish | 151 | |
| 1179218899 | coelacanths and lungfish | orders of lobe-fins | 152 | |
| 1179218900 | tetrapods | gnathostomes that have 4 limbs ("four feet"). (also have a neck and no gill slits) | 153 | |
| 1179218901 | gnathostomes that have limbs ("four feet"). (also have a neck and no gill slits) | tetrapods | 154 | |
| 1179218902 | class amphibians | require water as larvae, are somewhat terrestrial as an adult. moist skin. external fertilization. egg doesn't have a shell. no parental care in most cases | 155 | |
| 1179218903 | require water as larvae, are somewhat terrestrial as an adult. moist skin. external fertilization. egg doesn't have a shell. no parental care in most cases | class amphibians | 156 | |
| 1179218904 | species of amphibians | frogs/toads, salamanders/newts, caecilians | 157 | |
| 1179218905 | amniotes | tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg | 158 | |
| 1179218906 | tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg | amniotes | 159 | |
| 1179218907 | parts of the amitotic egg | embryo, chorion, amnion, allantois, yolk sac | 160 | |
| 1179218908 | chorion | allows for gas exchange | 161 | |
| 1179218909 | allows for gas exchange | chorion | 162 | |
| 1179218910 | amnion | filled with fluid that acts as a shock absorber | 163 | |
| 1179218911 | filled with fluid that acts as a shock absorber | amnion | 164 | |
| 1179218912 | allantois | stores waste | 165 | |
| 1179218913 | stores waste | allantois | 166 | |
| 1179218914 | yolk sac | supplies nutrients to embryo | 167 | |
| 1179218915 | supplies nutrients to embryo | yolk sac | 168 | |
| 1179218916 | clade reptiles (lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilian) | scales, internal fertilization, ectothermic | 169 | |
| 1179218917 | scales, internal fertilization, ectothermic | clade reptiles (lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilian) | 170 | |
| 1179218918 | purpose of scales on reptiles | prevents water loss. protection from abrasion. | 171 | |
| 1179218919 | ectothermic | relies on external environment to manage heat and regulate temperature | 172 | |
| 1179218920 | relies on external environment to manage heat and regulate temperature | ectothermic | 173 | |
| 1179218921 | endothermic | internal temperature control, use own metabolic heat | 174 | |
| 1179218922 | internal temperature control, use own metabolic heat | endothermic | 175 | |
| 1179218923 | clade reptiles (birds-class aves) | no urinary bladder or teeth to make them lighter. feathers for temp regulation and flight. endothermic | 176 | |
| 1179218924 | mammals | amniotes that produce milk. have mammary glands and hair. are endothermic | 177 | |
| 1179218925 | no urinary bladder or teeth to make them lighter. feathers for temp regulation and flight. endothermic | clade reptiles (birds-class aves) | 178 | |
| 1179218926 | amniotes that have hair and produce milk. have mammary glands and hair. are endothermic | mammals | 179 | |
| 1179218927 | orders of mammals | monotremata, marsupialia, sirenia, carnivora, rodentia, primates | 180 | |
| 1179218928 | monotremata, marsupialia, sirenia, carnivora, rodentia, primates | orders of mammals | 181 | |
| 1179218929 | order monotremata | lays eggs. no nipples. platypuses and echidna | 182 | |
| 1179218930 | lays eggs. no nipples. platypuses and echidna | order monotremata | 183 | |
| 1179218931 | order marsupialia | embryo development to mom's pouch because young are very underdeveloped. kangaroos, opossums, koalas | 184 | |
| 1179218932 | embryo development to mom's pouch because young are very underdeveloped. kangaroos, opossums, koalas | order marsupialia | 185 | |
| 1179218933 | order sirenia | aquatic. finlike forelimbs. no hindlimbs. herbivores. manatees and dugongs | 186 | |
| 1179218934 | aquatic. finlike forelimbs. no hindlimbs. herbivores. manatees and dugongs | order sirenia | 187 | |
| 1179218935 | order carnivora | carnivorous (mostly). pointed canine teeth. wolves, bears, cats, otters, walruses | 188 | |
| 1179218936 | carnivorous (mostly). pointed canine teeth. wolves, bears, cats, otters, walruses | order carnivora | 189 | |
| 1179218937 | order rodentia | incisors are chisel-like and continuously growing. herbivorous. beavers, rats, woodchucks | 190 | |
| 1179218938 | incisors are chisel-like and continuously growing. herbivorous. beavers, rats, woodchucks | order rodentia | 191 | |
| 1179218939 | order primates | opposable thumbs. forward facing eyes. well-developed brain. omnivorous. lemurs, monkeys, chimpanzees, gorillas, humans | 192 | |
| 1179218940 | opposable thumbs. forward facing eyes. well-developed brain. omnivorous. lemurs, monkeys, chimpanzees, gorillas, humans | order primates | 193 |
