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Terms : Hide Images
| 377567533 | Romanticism | an often individualistic and emotional literary and artistic movement that emphasized liberation of the human spirit, romanticized plantation life and included historical eulogies | |
| 377567534 | Hudson River School | A Romantic movement of painters who focused on Hudson River Valley as source of wisdom, spirit or fulfillment |  |
| 377647098 | Transcendentalists | Pioneered by the likes of Emerson and Thoreau, this group of writers, artists, and philosophers thought that man was essentially good and the goal of humanity was to transcend the limits of intellect and emotions to create an original connection to the Universe (often through nature). | |
| 377647099 | Utopianism | An Antebellum movement that rejected the rapid economic and social changes around them (as in the "burned over districts" of New York near the Erie Canal), preferring instead to try to create alternate, harmonious, often Christian communities | |
| 377647100 | Brook Farm | Massive utopian experiment with communal agriculture, believed that leisure led to self-realization. Too socialistic, burned down in 1847 |  |
| 377647101 | New Harmony | Indiana, 1825 - vision of total equality, socialistic, ironically beset by internal fighting, founded by visionary Robert Owen | |
| 377647102 | Oneida Community | 1848, Upstate New York - Founded by John Humphrey Noyes, income sources through silver factory, known for avant-garde beliefs like contraception, "communal (or open) marriage," and stirpiculture (a form of eugenics) |  |
| 377647103 | Shakers | Religious group founded by "Mother" Ann Lee, redefined gender roles, "danced free of sin," and was CELIBATE (wanted social order in place of chaos) | |
| 377647104 | Joseph Smith | Founder of Mormonism (Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints), which began in 1830 in (you guessed it) Upstate New York. Book of Mormon was based on gold tablets he found in the side of a hill after being told to go there by the Angel "Moroni." Persecuted for 20 years, moved from NY to Nauvoo, IL (where Smith was killed in jail by a mob) to Deseret (meaning honeybee), a territory later reorganized and recognized as a the state of Utah by the US gov't. Brigham Young took the reigns after Smith's death. |  |
| 377647105 | Second Great Awakening | Late 1700s, early 1800s - rebirth of fiery evangelical Christianity, this time with an added focus on equality - A CATALYST FOR MUCH OF THE REFORM MOVEMENT | |
| 377647106 | Charles Grandison Finney | Upstate NY - Most influential revival leader of the 1820s-30s, believed that everyone could be reborn (as opposed to predestined), held rallies (including women) against drinking | |
| 377647107 | "Burned Over" Districts | Areas of NY so prone to religious awakenings that they were "burned over" with the holy spirit. Associated with the rapid economic growth of the era - a time of discomfort and transformation |  |
| 377647108 | American Society for the Promotion of Temperance | 1826, used revivalists methods to preach temperance, but divided hard-drinking Catholic immigrants from established, strait-laced Protestants | |
| 377647109 | Phrenology | PSEUDO-SCIENCE: examining head shapes to determine personality traits |  |
| 377647110 | Horace Mann | Massachusetts board of education, 1837: "education is the great equalizer," good for democracy. Supported education reforms to fight poverty and criminals - built the ideal model for public education in the US. Ironically, a New York prep school, the epitome of privilege and hereditary opportunity, bears his name today. |  |
| 377647111 | Dorothea Dix | Promoter of asylum reform; before her efforts, there was no distinction between criminals and insane people. Inspired by religion, improved state-controlled facilities | |
| 377647112 | Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Two early feminists, advocates for women's suffrage (also abolitionists) | |
| 377647113 | Seneca Falls Declaration | One of the products of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, imitated the Declaration of Independence, rejected "separate spheres" for women, mainly written by Quakers | |
| 377647114 | Cult of Domesticity | Ideal of middle-class mothers who looked after and served their husband and children. Think Leon Zhan and sandwich craft. |  |
| 377647115 | American Colonization Society | 1817, supported by James Monroe (hence Monrovia, the capital of Liberia), challenged slavery without challenging property rights, advocated gradual purchase and freeing of slaves and sending them to Africa, lost steam by the 1830s | |
| 377647116 | William Lloyd Garrison | Massachusetts-born abolitionist, contributor to the LIBERATOR newspaper, extremely persistent, advocated IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION and full rights for freed slaves, founder of the American Antislavery Society |  |
| 377647117 | The Liberator | Garrison's mouthpiece, a vocal abolitionist paper supporting IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION of slaves. Last issue printed with the 13th amendment in 1865 | |
| 377647118 | American Antislavery Society | Founded 1832, formed by Garrison, influential and relatively widespread (250,000 members by 1838 - mainly Quaker Northerners), but still rather radical for its day | |
| 377647119 | David Walker's "Appeal" | This Boston free black's 1828 pamphlet encouraged slaves to rise up in rebellion or be confined to chains forever | |
| 377647120 | Frederick Douglass | Escaped from slavery in 1838, brilliant orator who convinced many whites that blacks could equal or surpass their brains, eloquent lectures inspired blacks and won over whites. Had a back-and-forth relationship with Lincoln, wanted to serve as an officer in the Civil War, advocate of the use of black troops. Also: contributor to antislavery newspaper THE NORTH STAR |  |
| 377647121 | Grimké sisters | South Carolinian Quaker suffragettes (Angelina and Sarah) and abolitionists |
