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| 10421294754 | Positive feedback loops | An organisms response to a stimulus that reinforces a stimulus, leading to an even greater response. (More gets you more) | 0 | |
| 10421294755 | Negative feedback loop | An organisms response to a stimulus that reduces the initial stimulus. (Reverses the stimulus). (More gets you less) | 1 | |
| 10421294756 | Positive feedback loop examples | Child Labor in mammals: Stimulus: Pressure on the cervix Signal: Oxycontin released from brain Response: Uterine wall contractions, push baby down creating more pressure on the cervix. (More gets you more) | 2 | |
| 10421294757 | example of Negative feedback loops | Stimulus: Body exercise Signal: Temperature rises Response: Sweating cools body, returning temp to set point. (More gets you less) | 3 | |
| 10421294758 | Homeostasis | Maintaining an internal stable environment. This is accomplished through recognition of a stimulus, sending a signal, and the organism initiating a physiological response, resulting in an adjustment that will bring the internal environment back to a set point. | 4 | |
| 10421294759 | Thermoregulation strategy: Ectothermy | Organisms that generate little metabolic heat and therefore must gain heat from external sources. Responses to changing temps are often behavioral (sunning, burrowing) Ectothermic animals: most invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles) |  | 5 |
| 10421294760 | Thermoregulation strategy: Endothermy | Organisms that are warmed mostly be the heat generated through their metabolism. Responses to changing temps are often physiological (sweating, panting, shivering) |  | 6 |
| 10421294761 | Feedback | The mechanism behind how biological systems homeostasis. The response may be to amplify (+), or decrease (-) the biological signal |  | 7 |
| 10421294762 | Feedback loop | Effector may amplify (+) (positive feedback) or reduce (-) (negative feedback) signal |  | 8 |
| 10421294763 | Thermoregulation | How animals maintain internal temperature within a tolerable range. It may involve physiological changes (such as sweating or shivering) OR behaviors (such as burrowing or sunning) | 9 | |
| 10421294764 | When a fruit ripens, it release ethylene which is taken up by surrounding fruit. This causes the fruits to produce more ethylene. Positive or negayive feedback? | Ethylene causes more ethylene to be produced. More gets you more Positive Feedback | 10 | |
| 10421294765 | Countercurrent exchange | Exchange of substances between two fluids moving in opposite directions. Reduces heat loss in the circulation of blood. Warm blood from the core, en route to the extremities, transfers heat to colder blood returning from the extremities, to warm the blood re-entering the core. |  | 11 |
| 10421294766 | Metabolic Rate | Total amount of energy an organism uses in a unit of time. Metabolic rates are generally higher for endotherms (generate their own heat) than for ectotherms (rely on outside sources for heat). | 12 | |
| 10421294767 | How is body size related to metabolic rate? | Metabolic rate in inversely related to body size among similar animals (i.e. mammals). Elephants have lower metabolic rate per gram of body mass, whereas mice have a much higher metabolic rate per gram. |  | 13 |
| 10421294768 | Reproductive Strategies | Sexual and asexual reproduction | 14 | |
| 10421294769 | Reproductive Strategy: Sexual reproduction | Creation of offspring by the fusion of sperm and egg (or haploid gametes) to form a zygote. | 15 | |
| 10421294770 | Reproductive Strategy: Asexual Reproduction | reproduction in which all genes come from one parent. No fusion of egg and sperm. Modes of asexual reproduction include Fission, budding, fragmentation (regeneration of body parts), parthenogenesis (female produces eggs that develop without fertilization) | 16 | |
| 10421294771 | Advantages of asexual reproduction | production of more offspring identical to the parent Often used when energy/resources are low | 17 | |
| 10421294772 | Advantages of sexual reproduction | Offspring results in recombination (mixing up) of genes, creating more variation = more likely to produce beneficial adaptations. Requires resources and energy. | 18 | |
| 10421294773 | What is the relationship between changing climate conditions and sexual reproduction? | Sexual cycles are often tied to changing seasons. If seasonal temp is an important cue, climate change may decrease reproductive success. Global climate change has resulted in many examples of energy resources emerging earlier in season, such as sprouting green plants and hatching insects. Species that depend on these resources for successful reproduction may not be ready for this early emergence, miss the resource, and suffer negative reproductive consequences. | 19 |
