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| 10421284914 | restriction enzymes (endonuclease) | protein that cuts DNA in a palindrome sequence at a specific recognition site |  | 0 |
| 10421284915 | sticky end | uneven enzyme cut on DNA strand that produces exposed nucleotide bases at the end |  | 1 |
| 10421284916 | plasmid | circular section of bacterial DNA |  | 2 |
| 10421284917 | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | method of amplifying small quantities of DNA |  | 3 |
| 10421284918 | GMO | organisms with artificially altered proteins |  | 4 |
| 10421284919 | transgenic | organism where foreign gene is inserted from another species |  | 5 |
| 10421284920 | gel electrophorsis | method of separating large molecules based on size and electric charge |  | 6 |
| 10421284921 | transformation | process of bacteria taking up environmental DNA such as a human engineered plasmid |  | 7 |
| 10421284922 | paternity electrophoresis test | child's DNA bands will be a combination of mom and dad |  | 8 |
| 10421284923 | examples of transgenic plants | golden rice, bt corn |  | 9 |
| 10421284924 | clone | identical copy of an organism |  | 10 |
| 10421284925 | example of a transgenic animal | goats with spider silk in milk | 11 | |
| 10421284926 | Recombinant DNA | DNA that is artificially made, using DNA from different sources and often different species. An example is the introduction of a human gene into E.coli bacteria. |  | 12 |
| 10421284927 | Gene cloning | The process by which scientists can produce multiple copies of specific segments of DNA that they can then work with in the lab. The use of a plasmid to replicate DNA when a bacterial cell replicates is an example of gene cloning. | 13 | |
| 10421284928 | DNA Ligase | Enzyme involved in DNA replication that is used to seal sticky ends when DNA is clipped using restriction enzymes. | 14 | |
| 10421284942 | Cloning a gene using a bacterial plasmid |  | 15 | |
| 10421284929 | How can you select for bacterial cells that have been transformed with a particular plasmid? | By linking a reporter gene, such as GFP, will allow transformed colonies to glow . An antibiotic resistance gene can be used. Colonies grown in the presence of the antibiotic will only grow if they contain the plasmid. | 16 | |
| 10421284930 | Polymerase chain reaction | amplify (copies) a particular segment of DNA without the use of cells. | 17 | |
| 10421284931 | Restriction Enzyme Length Polymorphism (RFLP) | Result when you cut a DNA segment with restriction enzymes. Small differences in DNA sequence lengths that can be detected in gel electrophoresis. Different banding patterns indicate different sized pieces of DNA. | 18 | |
| 10421284932 | Justify the claim that humans can manipulate heritable information using 2 pieces of evidence | Bacterial Transformation Restriction enzyme analysis of DNA PCR What else can you come up with from this unit? | 19 | |
| 10421284933 | How is Biotechnology used to detect disease? | Diagnosis of disease- many diseases can be detected by RFLP or through amplification of blood samples to test for viruses (HIV) | 20 | |
| 10421284934 | Biotechnology for environmental cleanup | Scientists engineer metabolic capabilities into microorganisms which are then used to treat environmental problems, such as removing heavy metals from toxic mining sites. | 21 | |
| 10421284935 | Biotechnology in Agriculture | Genes that produce desirable traits have been inserted into crop plants to increase their productivity or efficiency. An orgnanism that has acquired by artificial means one or more genes from another species of variety is termed a GMO (genetically modified organism). | 22 | |
| 10421284936 | How is biotechnology used in pharmaceutical production? | Production of pharmaceuticals- Gene splicnig and cloning can produce large amounts of proteins in lab (i.e. use of bacteria to produce human insulin). | 23 | |
| 10421284937 | Production of transgneic animals | animals that contain a foreign gene, which could be to produce a protein in large quantities (production of human antithrombin in goat milk) | 24 | |
| 10421284938 | Forensic applications of biotechnology | Forensic applications- DNA samples taken from crime scenes can be compared to identify persons at the presence of the crime scene. | 25 | |
| 10421284939 | transposons | "Jumping genes". These are stretches of DNA that can move from one location to another with the aid of an enzyme, transposases. Transposons can account for multiple copies of genes and the resulting genetic diversity provides raw material for natural selection. | 26 | |
| 10421284940 | How can a transposon interrupt normal gene function? | insertion in the middle of a functional gene OR alter gene expression by insertion into a regulatory element. | 27 | |
| 10421284941 | Multigene families: Alpha-globin and Beta-globin | The genes for different human globins are on different chromosomes. This allows for different forms of the beta-globin gene to function at different times in the human life cycle. For example, the embryonic and fetal forms of hemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than the adult forms, ensuring the efficient transfer of oxygen from mother to fetus. | 28 |
