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| 13677796233 | Causes of World War I | Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism | 0 | |
| 13677796234 | Gavrilo Princip | member of the black hand; shot Austrian Archduke Ferdinand and wife June 28, 1914- set off WWI | 1 | |
| 13677796235 | Black Hand | Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I. | 2 | |
| 13677796236 | Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI. | 3 | |
| 13677796237 | Allied Powers (WWI) | Britain, France, Russia, (later) Italy and the United States | 4 | |
| 13677796238 | Central Powers | In World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies. (Originally Italy, but they left) | 5 | |
| 13677796239 | Blank check | Germany swears to support Austria-Hungary in any actions it takes against Serbia | 6 | |
| 13677796240 | Submarine Warfare | Used during World War I mainly between German U-Boats and Atlantic supply convoys for Great Britain | 7 | |
| 13677796241 | Lusitania | A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. | 8 | |
| 13677796242 | Total War | A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. | 9 | |
| 13677796243 | General Paul von Hindenburg | A German General during the First World War, he was a seasoned veteran and was sent to the Eastern Front, where he won several victories over the Russians. He was seen as the Savior of East Prussia, and became the Chief of Staff of the Army in 1916, and with military support he and Ludendorff formed the Third Supreme Command, a military-industrial dictatorship, which held power until September 1918. | 10 | |
| 13677796245 | Georges Clemenceau | "tiger of France", the French prime minister who wanted to ensure that Germany would never again threaten France; at the Paris Peace Conference. He played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles. French were still bitter at the Germans over the Franco-Prussian War and so they took back the treaties of Alsace and Lorraine (1841-1929) | 11 | |
| 13677796246 | Zimmerman Note | 1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile | 12 | |
| 13677796247 | WWI impact on women | allowed women to prove their support for their country advances in women's rights, took men's jobs while they were gone | 13 | |
| 13677796248 | WWI impact on labor | 14 | ||
| 13677796249 | WWI impact on social classes | Creates a stronger middle class as well as a significant distance between the rich and poor (rich get super rich). | 15 | |
| 13677796251 | Alexandra | Last Tsarist of Russia, had a son who was a hemophiliac, and was put under the influence of Rasputin, where he exploited her. Ended up causing the collapse of the Tsars | 16 | |
| 13677796252 | Grigori Rasputin | A Russian peasant and self-proclaimed mystic who gained significant influence over Tsar Nicholas II's wife, Alexandra, prior to the revolutions of 1917. Rasputin's behavior caused scandals, and the Russian people began to believe that the tsar himself was under Rasputin's influence. Supporters of the tsar had Rasputin killed in late 1916 | 17 | |
| 13677796253 | March Revolution | As a result of this revolution the Romanov dynasty was removed from power after 300 years of autocratic rule and replaced with the provisional government led by Alexander Kerenski | 18 | |
| 13677796254 | April Theses | Lenin's promise to the Russian people and challenge to the Provisional Government to provide peace, land, and bread | 19 | |
| 13677796255 | Petrograd Soviet | The St. Petersburg, or Petrograd, council of workers, soldiers, and intellectuals who shared power with the provisional government. | 20 | |
| 13677796256 | Mensheviks | The party which opposed to the Bolsheviks. Started in 1903 by Martov, after dispute with Lenin. The Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership. | 21 | |
| 13677796257 | Bolsheviks | A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917. | 22 | |
| 13677796258 | V. I. Lenin | led the communist revolution, was the leader of the Bolsheviks, ruled Russia | 23 | |
| 13677796259 | Leon Trotsky | Russian revolutionary intellectual and close adviser to Lenin. A leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), he was later expelled from the Communist Party (1927) and banished (1929) for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin | 24 | |
| 13677796260 | Russian Civil War | (1918-1920) when "white" anticommunists fought the "red" communists to decide how Russia would be governed | 25 | |
| 13677796261 | Treaty of Versailles | the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans | 26 | |
| 13677796262 | League of Nations | A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946. | 27 | |
| 13677796263 | War Guilt Clause | A provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for WWI | 28 | |
| 13677796264 | New technology of WWI | rapid fire machine gun, long range artillery gun, poison gas, tanks, airplanes, submarines, zeppelins, u-boats, convoys ***All resulted in increases casualties | 29 | |
| 13677796265 | Fourteen Points | A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I. The most important of these was self-determination. | 30 | |
| 13677796266 | John Maynard Keynes | English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946) | 31 | |
| 13677796267 | Ruhr Valley Crisis (1923) | The Occupation of the Ruhr was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I. | 32 | |
| 13677796268 | The Great Depression | starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting. | 33 | |
| 13677796269 | Popular Front | An alliance between the Communists, the Socialists, and the Radicals formed for the May 1936 French elections. It was largely successful, increasing the Communists in parliament from 10 to 72, and the Socials up to 146, making them the largest party in France. They tried to fight the depression by helping workers, but it didn't really fix much | 34 | |
| 13677796270 | Impact of radio and automobile | Radio increased the spread of information quickly and also used for propaganda. Automobiles allowed people and military, to travel longer distances faster on roads. | 35 | |
| 13677796273 | Surrealism | An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images |  | 36 |
| 13677796274 | Salvador Dali | Spanish surrealist painter |  | 37 |
| 13677796275 | Von Schlieffen Plan | German chief-of-staff 1891-1905. Military plan based off the assumption of two-front war with France and Russia. Minimal troop deployment against Russia to rapidly clear France before Russia could become effective and British could come to help. Advance through Belgium. | 38 | |
| 13677796276 | French Warfare | soldiers fought each other from trenches | 39 | |
| 13677796277 | Lawrence of Arabia | British officer who urged Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman overlords | 40 | |
| 13677796278 | British Blockade | The British blockaded the German coast to prevent weapons and other military supplies from getting through the seas. American ships carrying goods for Germany refused to challenge the blockade. As a result, Germany had a famine and soldiers were starving to death | 41 | |
| 13677796279 | Walter Rathenau | Jewish industrialist that sets up Germany's War Raw Materials Board, rations and distributes raw materials, produced substitutes essential to blockaded German war machine | 42 | |
| 13677796280 | Erich Ludendorff | A German general who assisted Paul von Hindenburg in achieving victories at the Battle of Tannenberg and the Battle of the Masurian Lakes. Throughout the rest of the war, Ludendorff continued to serve Hindenburg, first as chief of staff and later as quartermaster general. He, along with his partner Hindenburg, essentially ran Germany during the end of the war | 43 | |
| 13677796281 | Alexander Kerensky | Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting WWI was a national duty. He was quickly pushed out of power. | 44 | |
| 13677796282 | Rosa Luxembourg | leader of the German Marxist revolutionary group the Spartacists with Karl Liebknecht, violently put to death by the authorities after the uprising | 45 | |
| 13677796283 | Easter Rebellion | (1916) in the midst of WWI while British were distracted, a small group of Irish nationalists rebelled in Dublin over the delay in home-rule during Easter week; aroused nationalist Irish support | 46 | |
| 13677796284 | Little Entente | The French alliance between the smaller countries of Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. | 47 | |
| 13677796285 | Gustav Stresemann | Assumed leadership of Germany in August 1923. He called off passive resistance in the Ruhr and in October agreed in principle to pay preparations but ask for a re-examination of Germany's ability to pay. | 48 | |
| 13677796286 | Dawes and Young Plan | 1924 and 1929 respectively. Both reduced reparations payments. Dawes-Americans loaned money to Germany to pay back the Allies, who then used it to pay back America (circle). Young-set repayment at 58 years (rather than the previous 49). | 49 | |
| 13677796287 | Treaty of Locarno | France and Germany agreed not to make war and to respect borders of France and Belgium; Germany admitted to League of Nations | 50 | |
| 13677796288 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another | 51 | |
| 13677796289 | National Government | British response to Depression; multiparty coalition passed tariffs, increased taxes, and regulated currency | 52 | |
| 13677796290 | Nazi Propaganda | posters, movies, books meant to perpetuate the idea of an Aryan nation and that Jews were to blame | 53 | |
| 13677796291 | Dadaism | An artistic movement of the 1920s and 1930s that attacked all accepted standards of art and behavior and delighted in outrageous conduct. |  | 54 |
| 13677796292 | James Joyce | An Irish novelist who wrote Ulysses, a stream of consciousness book that mirrored Homer's book | 55 | |
| 13677796293 | Virginia Woolf | English author whose work used such techniques as stream of consciousness and the interior monologue | 56 | |
| 13677796294 | Carl Jung | 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian, analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation | 57 | |
| 13677796295 | Ernest Rutherford | 1909-solar system model of the atom, gold foil experiment- fired negative ions at thin sheet of gold foil, discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom . | 58 | |
| 13677796296 | Irish Free State | created by the British parliament in January 1922. Made Ireland a dominion within the British Commonwealth but many Irish republicans still wanted severance of all formal ties to Britain and creation of a republic. | 59 | |
| 13677796297 | Western Front | A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other. | 60 | |
| 13677796298 | Eastern Front | In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks. | 61 | |
| 13677796299 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war (1918). | 62 | |
| 13677796300 | US Entry in WWI | sinking Lusitania, Zimmerman note and submarine warfare | 63 | |
| 13677796301 | Peace of Paris | the meeting of Allied Victors, following the end of WWI to set the peace terms for defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. It took place in Paris during 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 32 countries and nationalities. | 64 | |
| 13677796302 | Cheka | Secret police set up by Lenin-arrested "enemies of the revolution". | 65 | |
| 13677796303 | Collective Unconscious | Jung's theory that we all share an inherited memory that contains our culture's most basic elements | 66 | |
| 13677796304 | Coalition Governments | governments where smaller parties combine with larger parties to control half of the seats in the legislature. | 67 | |
| 13677796305 | French Plan XVII | written by Ferdinand Foch and taken up by Joseph Joffre in 1913, this plan detailed the recapture of Alsace and Lorraine; these two coal-manufacturing regions had been defeated and absorbed into Germany; it played off of élan vital, the idea that every Frenchman has a fighting spirit that can turn back the enemy; it called for the advance of French troops in Alsace and Lorraine in two wings: the South wing would take back the territories, and the north wing, depending on German movement, would advance into Germany; however, this plan did not take into consideration the possibility of Germany attacking France through Belgium and they left Paris unprotected. | 68 | |
| 13677796306 | Young Turks | A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era. | 69 | |
| 13677796307 | First Battle of the Marne | 20 miles outside Paris the French halted the German advance and the beginning of the Western Front and trench warfare (1914) | 70 | |
| 13677796308 | Battle of Verdun | Battle fought between French and German armies from February to December 1916; more than 700,000 people died - one of the most costly battles of the WWI. | 71 | |
| 13677796309 | Battle of the Somme | A 1916 WWI (1914-1918) battle between German and British forces. Ending in a stalemate, the bitter three-month conflict is notable for the high number of casualties- 1.25 million men killed or wounded - and the first use of tanks in warfare. | 72 | |
| 13677796310 | Tannenberg | Germans attacked Russian forces at end of August 1914. during 4 day battle, Germans drove Russia into full retreat. Germany regained East Prussia and got many weapons & horses | 73 | |
| 13677796311 | Gallipoli | A poorly planned and badly executed Allied campaign to capture the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli during 1915 in World War I. Intended to open up a sea lane to the Russians through the Black Sea, the attempt failed with more than 50 percent casualties on both sides. The failed attempt results in Churchill being fired as a battle strategist. | 74 | |
| 13677796312 | Battle of Jutland | Only real naval battle of the WWI. May 1916. German Baltic fleet met Brits of coast of Denmark. Germans inflicted heavy British losses but failed to break British blockade. German fleet retreated to Baltic and stayed there. British naval supremacy confirmed but British were unable to defeat German fleet completely in order to service Russia through the Baltic. | 75 | |
| 13677796313 | General Joffre | French hero who stopped the German advance on Paris at the First Battle of the Marne (Sept 6-10, 1914). The General developed Plan XVII. Plan XVII was the military strategy that the French would employ if war against Germany broke out. The plan was to attack Lorraine and Alsace and then head to Berlin. | 76 | |
| 13677796314 | John "Blackjack" Pershing | led United States army in World War One | 77 | |
| 13677796315 | Ferdinand Foch | French supreme commander of the allied forces that joined forces with the American expeditionary forces to fight as one | 78 | |
| 13677796316 | 2nd Battle of the Marne | with the American's help, the allies were able to push back the Germans in the 2nd Battle of the Marne. Germans plan was to attack Paris again. They were within 50 miles of Paris when they were stopped at the Marne by French, Moroccan, and American troops. Supported by 100's of tanks they threw the Germans back over the Marne. It was a turning point in the war and now the Germans go on the defensive. | 79 | |
| 13677796317 | German Revolution | The German Revolution of November 1918 resembled the Russian Revolution of March 1917; however the moderate socialists and their liberal allies won in the German Revolution, and the Lenin-like radical revolutionaries in the councils lost. | 80 | |
| 13677796318 | Ramsey MacDonald | First Labour Party prime minister of Great Britain. His version of socialism was not like Marx's. Wanted social reform instead of nationalization or seizure of industry. | 81 | |
| 13677796319 | Stanley Baldwin | Stanley Baldwin (1867-1947) was the leader of the Conservatives in Britain during the 20's. He had an uncompromising spirit on social issues, and his international and domestic programs can be summed up by the last line of a speech he said in March 1925: "Give us peace in our time, O Lord." | 82 |
