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| 42727746 | Aaron Burr | Third VP of United States. Challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him | |
| 42727747 | Alien and Sedition Acts | Collective name to four acts passed by congress in 1798 that limited the rights of foreigners and freedom of speech | |
| 42727748 | Anti-Federalists | Opposed the ratification of the constitution | |
| 42727749 | Articles of Confederation | First written constitution of the United States. Set up a loose confederation of states that made up the first national government. Failed and thrown out at Constitutional convention of 1787 | |
| 42727750 | Bill of Rights | A written summary of unalienable rights and freedoms. Spearheaded by James Madison and ratified in 1791 | |
| 42727751 | Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | |
| 42727752 | Electoral College | the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president. Each state has a certain amount of electors depending upon their population. California has the most (55) | |
| 42727753 | Father of the Constitution | James Madison | |
| 42727754 | Federalists | Those who supported ratification of the Constitution | |
| 42727755 | French Revolution | Began in 1789, Americans liked the fall of the French monarchy but when the French began to grow out of control, Americans were divided. This was the beginnings of foreign policy | |
| 42727756 | Great Compromise | Combined both the NJ and VA plans, creating a bicameral legislature with one house based on population and the other with equal representation. | |
| 42727757 | James Madison | ,4th President of the United States. Helped frame the bill of rights. Father of the Constitution. Wrote most of the Federalist Papers | |
| 42727758 | Jay's Treaty | Treaty between USA and Britain negotiated in 1794 in which the US made major concessions to avoid a war with Britain over their seizure of American ships | |
| 42727759 | Jeffersonian Republicans | Opposition party to the Federalist. Favored limited powers of the national government and favored the interests of farmers. Dominant political party after 1800, their control brought on the era of good feelings. | |
| 42727760 | John Marshall | Federalist chief justice that had a crucial role in Marbury vs. Madison. Established the principal of judicial review, using the Judiciary act of 1789 in his decision. | |
| 42727761 | Judicial Review | Established in the Judiciary Act. Gives power to judiciary branch (Supreme Court) to declare acts unconstitutional--increasing the power of the national government | |
| 42727762 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | Passed under Washington. Gave congress the power to determine the number of Supreme Court Justices (now 9, origianlly 6) and to create the Federal Court system. established principal of judicial review. | |
| 42727763 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | Provided the sale and surveying of Western Lands. Auctioned off the land, most of it went to Ohio Company in 1788. However most people didnt wait for the land to be available legally so they went in 1785 and "squatted" on the territory. | |
| 42727764 | Lewis and Clark | Job was to go to the Pacific Ocean and back, explore along the way. From 1804-1806 they did that, Jefferson encouraging them. Sacagawea's presence helped them, especially when trying to get help from Indians | |
| 42727765 | Louisiana Purchase | Napoleon did not need the land anymore because his troops in Haiti were not doing as well as planned. Jefferson bought the entire Louisiana territory for $15 million, doubling the size of the country in 1803 | |
| 42727766 | Marbury v. Madison | Adams appointed Federal judges right before he left office. William Marbury and the three other appointed judges sued Madison (Sec. of State) for their positions. Ruling was a comprimise--the courts have the right to say what the law is, but the Supreme Court does not have the constitutional power to force the president to give them their positions | |
| 42727767 | Midnight Judges | As Adams was leaving office, he appointed several Federal judges before Jefferson (a republican) took office. Caused Marbury vs. Madison outrage | |
| 42727768 | Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories- eventually ME was admitted as a free state and MO was a slave state. Prohibited slavery in LA purchase north of the southern boundary of MO | |
| 42727769 | New Jersey Plan | Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states. | |
| 42727770 | Northwest Ordinance | Government establishes government for territory North of Ohio, the entire NW territory divided into 3-5 states that prohibited slavery. States included OH, MI, IN, IL, WI | |
| 42727771 | Nullification | The theory that states that have the right ignore any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional | |
| 42727772 | Pinckney Treaty | agreement between Spain and the United States, fixing the southern boundary of the United States at 31° N latitude and establishing commercial arrangements favorable to the United States. U.S. citizens were accorded free navigation of the Mississippi River through Spanish territory as well as privilege of a tax-free deposit. This treaty showed that the U.S. was slowly becoming a world player, as they made a treaty with Britain the previous year. | |
| 42727773 | Quasi War | 1797-1800 between USA and France, an undeclared naval war-tripling the army causing Washington to come out of retirement to command the troops | |
| 42727774 | Revolution of 1800 | Federalists end their reign as a dominant party and Republicans take over w/ Jefferson as president | |
| 42727775 | Separation of Powers | the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government | |
| 42727776 | Shay's Rebellion | a 1786 revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in reaction to high taxes | |
| 42727777 | The Federalists Papers | This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. | |
| 42727778 | Three-Fifths Compromise | Slaves counted as Three-Fifths of a person | |
| 42727779 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolves | political statements in favor of states' rights and Strict Constructionism. They were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. | |
| 42727780 | Virginia Plan | Bicameral legislature, votes based on population. Less populated states not happy with this plan | |
| 42727781 | Washington Farewell Address | Washington rejected a third term, published in the last months of his term--warning Americans to distance themselves from European problems and that Americans should remain neutral. | |
| 42727782 | Whiskey Rebellion | Rebellion set off by an internal tax on whiskey which was often consumed by farmers who thought the rich should be taxed instead. Washington overreacted and sent 13,000 troops to occupy region in western PA where rebellion was occuring | |
| 42727783 | XYZ Affair | 1798 diplomatic affair where Adams sent delegates to France to solve the problem but the French demanded bribes to negotiate-Jeffersonian Republicans angered by this | |
| 42727784 | Yeoman Farmers | Small family farmers in rural communities that relied on the American soil and live independently |
