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| 886115906 | cis-trans isomers | one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds; formerly called a geometric isomer | 1 | |
| 886115907 | enantiomers | one of the two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon | 2 | |
| 886115908 | functional groups | a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions | 3 | |
| 886115909 | hydrocarbons | an organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen | 4 | |
| 886115910 | structural isomers | one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms | 5 | |
| 886115911 | cellulose | a structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by β glycosidic linkages | 6 | |
| 886115912 | chitin | a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods | 7 | |
| 886115913 | dehydration reaction | a chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule | 8 | |
| 886115914 | denaturation | in proteins, a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions, thereby becoming biologically inactive; in DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix. denaturation occurs under extreme (noncellular) conditions of pH, salt concentration, or temperature | 9 | |
| 886115915 | glycogen | an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch | 10 | |
| 886115916 | glycosidic linkage | a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction | 11 | |
| 886115917 | hydrolysis | a chemical with a charge of 1+. the dissociation of a water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+); in water, H+ is not found alone but associates with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion | 12 | |
| 886115918 | peptide bond | the covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction | 13 | |
| 886115919 | phospholipid | a lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and phosphate group. the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar hydrophilic head. phospholipids form bilayers that function as biological membranes | 14 | |
| 886115920 | purine | one of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines | 15 | |
| 886115921 | pyrimidine | one of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring. cytotine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (u) are pyrimidines | 16 | |
| 886115922 | saturated fatty acid | a fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton | 17 | |
| 886115923 | sickle-cell disease | a recessively inherited human blood disorder in which a single nucleotide change in the β-globin gene causes hemoglobin to aggregate, changing red blood cell shape and causing multiple symptoms in afflicted individuals | 18 | |
| 886115924 | steroid | a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached | 19 | |
| 886115925 | trans fat | an unsaturated fat, formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils,, containing one or more trans double bonds | 20 | |
| 886115926 | unsaturated fatty acid | a fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton | 21 |
