terms and vocab to know
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| 52433803 | Incomplete Dominance | A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties | |
| 52433804 | Law of Independent Assortment | each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently. | |
| 52433805 | Law of Segregation | 2 alleles for a character are packed into seperate gametes. | |
| 52433806 | Linked Genes | Genes that are located on the same chromosome. | |
| 52433807 | Genes | segment of a chromosome that controls the inheritance of a trait | |
| 52433808 | Sporophyte | a plant form in the alternation of generations that is diploid, having two sets of chromosomes | |
| 52433809 | Spores | haploid cells produced by meiosis in sporophyte. | |
| 52433810 | Gametophyte | a stage in the alternation of generations that is haploid, and has single set of chromosomes | |
| 52433811 | Autosomes | 22 chromosome pairs that code for many traits; not involved in determining sex. | |
| 52433812 | Karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. | |
| 52433813 | Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother. | |
| 52433814 | Tetrad | a complex of 4 chromatids | |
| 52433815 | Chiasmata/Chiasma | The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis. | |
| 52433816 | Crossing Over | The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis. | |
| 52433817 | Sex-Linked Trait | Some traits (genes) carried on the X chromosome and NOT on the Y chromosome. | |
| 52433818 | Multiple Alleles | Any set of 3 or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be presented in a diploid organism. Ex. Bloodtype | |
| 52433819 | Pleiotrophy | The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects. | |
| 52433820 | Epistasis | 2 genes expressed (each with diff. locus) and 1 gene alters phenotypic expression of the other gene. | |
| 52433821 | Polygenic Inheritance | An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character. | |
| 52433822 | Huntington's Disease | Audosomal dominantly inherited, degenerative disease caused by dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is 35-45. leads to deterioration of the nervous system | |
| 52433823 | Random Fertilization | any one of the 2N different sperm cells can fertilize any one of the 2N different egg cells | |
| 52433824 | oogenesis | Beginning/process of making eggs (1n) --> occurs in ovaries | |
| 52433825 | spermatogenesis | process of making sperm (1n) --> occurs in testes | |
| 52433826 | Hemophilia | Recessive sex-linked - *carrier-> heterozygote. | |
| 52433827 | Color blindness | sex-linked recessive. *lack of production of proteins. | |
| 52433828 | Barr bodies | inactive X chromosome (condensed + visible) inside nuclear envelope- occurs randomly and independently in each embryotic cell that is present @ the time of X-inactivation. | |
| 52433829 | Carrier | An individual who is heterozygous at a given locus, with one normal allele & one potentially harmful recessive allele. The heterozygote is phenotypically normal for the character determined by the gene but can pass on the harmful allele to its offspring. | |
| 52433830 | Non-disjunction | No proper segregation of homologous chromosomes | |
| 52433831 | Aneuploidy | Abnormal # of chromosomes in offspring | |
| 52433832 | Down syndrome | extra chromosome 21; Autosomal Nondisjunction | |
| 52433833 | Trisomy X (XXX) | Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes; phenotypically female, their sex organs don't mature during adolescense, secondary sex characteristics fail to develop, sterile, absort stature. | |
| 52433834 | Klinefeltner's Syndrome (XXY) | Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes; extra X chromosome, man is sterile | |
| 52433835 | Monosomy X (Turner's Syndrome) | Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes; only 1 X chromosome | |
| 52433836 | Chromosomal Translocation | A chromosomal error in which a fragment of a chromosome attatches to a non homologous chromosome. | |
| 52433837 | CML (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia) | portion of chromosome 22 switched places w/ small fragment from a tip of chromosome 9 | |
| 52433838 | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | sex-linked recessive; gene for dystrophin has specific locus on X chromosome. | |
| 52433839 | Recombinant % | weird type/total | |
| 52433840 | Gene Linkage | genes linked together by loci position *linked on homologous chromosomes. | |
| 52433841 | Sex Linkage | gene/allele located on sex chromosome(X) | |
| 52433842 | Wild type | allele present in most of the population | |
| 52433843 | X-Inactivation | ONE X chromosome is randomly inactivated in an embryonic cell | |
| 52433844 | Calico cats | heterozygous females*all females (1 allele->black fur, 1 allele->colored + white fur | |
| 52433845 | Sweat gland disorder | recessive x-linked mutation; heterozygous females lacks sweat glands | |
| 52433846 | Lethal Traits | Gene whose expression results in death of the organism | |
| 52433847 | Synapsis | The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis. | |
| 52433848 | Codominance | 2 alleles both affect the offspring's phenotype in distinct ways (blood type); Expression of both traits. | |
| 52433849 | Sickle Cell Disease | Autosomal Recessive; A human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein. It is characterized by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms. (single AA mutation) | |
| 52433850 | Locus | (plural, loci) position of a gene on a chromosome. | |
| 52433851 | Recombinant Chromosomes | A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome. | |
| 52433852 | Linkage Map | genetic map that is put together using crossover frequencies | |
| 52433853 | Recombinant Frequency | (recombinants/total offspring) X 100 | |
| 52433854 | Map Unit | used to geographically relate the genes on the basis of these frequencies | |
| 52433855 | Tay Sacs Disease | Autosomal Recessive-fatal genetic order that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage | |
| 52433856 | Cystic Fibrosis | a recessive disorder, most common fatal disease in country, located in chromosome 7, involved with the transport of cl ions | |
| 52433857 | Life Cycles | generation-to-generation sequence of stages of an organism from conception-offspring. | |
| 52441469 | Trisomy | cells have 3 copies of a chromosome | |
| 52441470 | Monosomy | cells have only 1 copy of a chromosome |
