AP Biology Ch. 20 on DNA technology and genomics.
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| 133138940 | In what year did researchers finish sequencing the human genome? | 2003 | |
| 133138941 | Recombinant DNA | DNA with nucleotide sequences from two different sources. | |
| 133138942 | Genetic engineering | The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. | |
| 133138943 | Biotechnology | The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products. | |
| 133138944 | Gene cloning | Creating identical copies of a gene-sized segment of DNA. | |
| 133138945 | Uses of cloned genes: | 1. To make many copies of one gene. 2. To create a protein product. | |
| 133138946 | Restriction enzymes | Enzymes that recognize and cut specific locations of DNA sequences. | |
| 133138947 | Restriction site | The specific DNA sequence that a restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts. | |
| 133138948 | Restriction fragments | The fragments of DNA that remain after a restriction enzyme has cut a piece of DNA. | |
| 133138949 | Sticky end | A single-stranded end that is able to attach to a complementary piece of single-stranded DNA. | |
| 133138950 | DNA ligase | "Glues" together or "seals" together the DNA strand. | |
| 133138951 | Cloning vector | The original plasmid, which has the ability to carry foreign DNA and replicate. | |
| 133138952 | Steps to clone eukaryotic gene: | 1. Isolate plasmids, and isolate the desired gene. 2. Cut both with the same restriction enzyme. 3. Mix the plasmids and the DNA fragments. The "sticky ends" on some will attach together, thus creating recombinant DNA. 4. Place the plasmids into bacteria. 5. Grow the bacteria on ampicillin plates. | |
| 133138953 | Nucleic acid hybridization | Base pairing between a gene and a complementary sequence on a different nucleic acid molecule. | |
| 133138954 | Nucleic acid probe | A short, single-stranded nucleic acid (of either DNA or RNA) that is used as the complementary nucleic acid molecule in nucleic acid hybridization. | |
| 133138955 | Denaturation | The separation of two strands of DNA (with either chemicals or heat). | |
| 133138956 | Genomic library | A complete set of plasmid clones that each carry a gene from san initial genome. | |
| 133138957 | What are different types of genomic libraries? | 1. Bacteria (plasmids) 2. Viruses (phages 3. Yeast | |
| 133138958 | Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) | Combines a eukaryotic chromosome with foreign DNA. | |
| 133138959 | Electroporation | An electrical pulse creates holes in the plasma membrane, which allows foreign DNA to enter. | |
| 133138960 | Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Amplifies DNA. | |
| 133138961 | Gel electrophoresis | Pulls DNA across a gel with an electric current to separate DNA fragments by size. | |
| 133138962 | Southern blotting | ... | |
| 133138963 | Human Genome Project | Effort to sequence the entire human genome. Begun in 1990 and completed in 2003. | |
| 133138964 | Linkage map | Looking at the order of and relative distance between markers on chromosomes. | |
| 133138965 | Physical map | Using a physical measurement to determine the distance between markers on chromosomes. | |
| 133138966 | Bacterial artificial detector (BAC) | ... |
