Review
Terms : Hide Images
| 144960874 | Kingdom Monera | Prokaryotic, unicellular, 1st organisms, most numerous and pervasive of life forms, most are benign and myany are essential to all life | |
| 144960875 | Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya | The three domains of life | |
| 144960876 | Coccus | Spherical bacteria | |
| 144960877 | Bacillus | Rod-shaped bacteria | |
| 144960878 | Spirillum | Spiral-shaped bacteria | |
| 144960879 | Monoploid genome | Genome of bacteria | |
| 144960880 | Where DNA is located in bacteria | Nucleoid region | |
| 144960881 | Genophore | prokaryotic chromosome; very little protien associated with DNA | |
| 144960882 | Plasmids | smaller DNA rings each made of a few genes; allow antibiotic resistance | |
| 144960883 | True | T or F: Not compartmentalized by endomembranes | |
| 144960884 | Cell wall | Protect, shape, prevent osmotic bursting | |
| 144960885 | Gram staining | Used to ID bacteria | |
| 144960886 | Gram + | Simpler walls with lots of peptidoglycan | |
| 144960887 | Gram - | Less peptidoglycan, more complex structure | |
| 144960888 | Capsules | Some bacteria have this which they secrete (additional protection and adherence to substrates) | |
| 144960889 | Pili | Surface appendages for adherence to substrates, reproduction and colony formation | |
| 144960890 | Axial filaments | Cause cells to spiral (bundles of fine fibrils) | |
| 144960891 | Slime | Secreted, then bacteria glide on it | |
| 144960892 | Flagella | All over surface, or concentrated at both ends | |
| 144960893 | Taxis | Movement toward/away from stimulus (directed movement) | |
| 144960894 | Binary Fission | (asexual) Splitting in 2 | |
| 144960895 | Conjugation | (sexual) sex pili form to exchange genetic info. | |
| 144960896 | Transduction | (sexual; viral) virus carries part of bacterial nucleic acid to new cell | |
| 144960897 | Growth limits | Due to lack of nutrients in environment, too much waste created, ect; exponential | |
| 144960898 | Autotrophic | chemotrophic, phototrophic | |
| 144960899 | Heterotrophic | Chemoheterotrophic (most organisms), photohetereotrophic | |
| 144960900 | Phylum Eubacteria | "true bacteria"; contemporary prokaryotes | |
| 144960901 | Cyanobacteria | Photoautotrophs (blue-green bacteria), may be filamentous, motile forms glide, freshwater, saltwater, damp soil, chlorophyll a in thylakoids, heterocysts in some useful for N₂ fixation | |
| 144960902 | Heterocysts | Perform N₂ fixation | |
| 144960903 | Phototrophic | Green and purple bacteria, get electrons from H₂S (not H₂O), pigment is bacteriochlorophyll, usually anaerobic | |
| 144960904 | Psuedomonads | soil, aquatic, most versatile chemoheterotrophs, may use pesticides or other synthetic cmpds | |
| 144960905 | Spirochetes | Helical shaped, corkscrew movement, large cells, saprophytic and parasitic | |
| 144960906 | Endospore-forming | Bacteria that produces spores, survive harsh conditions, autoclave necessarty to kill the spores | |
| 144960907 | Spores | dehydrated cells with thick walls; survive harsh conditions | |
| 144960908 | Enteric | Inhabit intestinal tracts (may be normal flora) | |
| 144960909 | Rickettsias and Chlamydias | very small (dependent parasites) (non-gonococcal urethritis) most common STD in the U.S. | |
| 144960910 | Mycoplasmas | Smaller than rickettsias, only prokaryotes lacking cell wall | |
| 144960911 | Actinomycetes | colonial, resembling fungal bodies (once thought to be fungi), causes TB and leprosy, "dirt" smell in soil, used to produce some antibiotics | |
| 144960912 | Myxobacteria | gliding bacteria, elaborate colonies, secrete slime, erects bulbous stalk (fruiting bodies), spore producing, brightly colored | |
| 144960913 | Phylum Archaebacteria | "ancient bacteria", lipid cell membrane and unique enzymes, live in extreme environments, sewage decomposers | |
| 144960914 | Peptidoglycan | Archaebacteria cell walls lack this | |
| 144960915 | Halophiles | Saline environment (dead sea) | |
| 144960916 | Methanogens | CO₂ reduced to CH₄, anaerobes, pink scum | |
| 144960917 | thermoacidophiles | hot, acidic, 60-80C, pH 2-4 | |
| 144960918 | symbiont | smaller, inside host | |
| 144960919 | mutualism | both benefit | |
| 144960920 | commensalism | symbiont benefits, host unaffected | |
| 144960921 | parasitism | symbiont benefits at host's expense | |
| 144960922 | opportunistic pathogens | when defense weakens, responsible for 1/2 human diseases | |
| 144960923 | Koch | linked disease to specific bacteria, "father of bacteriology" | |
| 144960924 | Koch's postulates | used to ID pathogen to specific disease | |
| 144960925 | first postulate | find same pathogen in each diseased individual | |
| 144960926 | second postulate | isolate pathogen from diseased subject and grow in pure culture | |
| 144960927 | third postulate | induce disease in experimental animal by inoculation from culture | |
| 144960928 | fourth postulate | isolate same pathogen from experimental animal after disease develops | |
| 144960929 | True | T or F: Koch's postulates are true for most pathogens, with few exceptions | |
| 144960930 | exotoxins | proteins secreted by bacterial cells *among most potent poisons known), produce specific symptoms | |
| 144960931 | endotoxins | components of outer membranes of gram (-) bacteria, produce aches, fever | |
| 144960932 | chemoheterotrophs | these were probably the first prokaryotes and adsorbed ATP for nutrition | |
| 144960933 | Glycolysis | this evolved to generate ATP anaerobnically | |
| 144960934 | Electron transport and chemiosmosis | These evolved from transmembrane pumps once used to regulate internal pH in acidic environments | |
| 144960935 | light photosystems | photosynthetic prokaryotes used these to fix CO₂ | |
| 144960936 | cyanobacteria | the first of these made organic compounds from H₂O and CO₂ releasing O₂ | |
| 144960937 | oxygen | accumulation of this caused the extinction of many prokaryotes | |
| 144960938 | Protozoans | Means "first animals", classified by locomotion, n utrition by ingestion | |
| 144960939 | Phylum Rhizopoda | naked and shelled amoebas, use pseudopods | |
| 144960940 | pseudopods | "false feet" | |
| 144960941 | Phylum Actinopoda | heliozoans (fw), radiolarians (sw), have axopodia, usually siliceous skeletons | |
| 144960942 | Phylum Foraminifera | forarms, have calcareous shells | |
| 144960943 | Phylum Apicomplexa | formerly sporozoans, mostly parasitic, complex life cycles, no locomotion | |
| 144960944 | Phylum Zoomastigina | flagella locomotion, may be colonial | |
| 144960945 | Phylum Ciliophora | use cilia for locomotion; ex: Paramecium caudatum | |
| 144960946 | Algal protists | plant-like (algae), nutrition by photosynthesis, classified by cell wall components | |
| 144960947 | Phylum Dinoflagellata | use 2 flagella, approx. 1100 species, cell walls of cellulose, sw and fw, ex: gonyaulax (causes red tide) | |
| 144960948 | Phylum Chrysophyta | golden algae, mostly fw, cell walls of pectin with silica, use flagella (1 or 2), ex: dinobryon | |
| 144960949 | Phylum Bacillariophyta | diatoms, approx. 10,000 species, 2 halves, shells of silica, no flagella, fw and sw | |
| 144960950 | Phylum Euglenophyta | 1-3 flagella, approx. 800 species, no cell wall, mostly fw, chlorophyll a b caotenoids, Euglena and it's relatives | |
| 144960951 | Phylum Chlorophyta | green algae, unicellular, colonial, and mulitcellular, 2 or more flagella, cellulose cell walls, chlorophyll a b carotenoids, approx. 7000 species, ex: Chlorella | |
| 144960952 | Phylum Phaeophyta | brown algae, multicellular, including kelp, other seaweed, 2 flagella in reproductive cells, approx. 1500 species, nearly all sw, store food as laminarin, chlorophyll a c carotenoids fucoxanthin, ex: Fucus | |
| 144960953 | Phylum Rhodophyta | Red algae, multicellular, approx. 4000 species, chlorophyll a d phycobilins, food as Floridean starch, no flagella, cellulose and pectin in cell walls, most sw but some fw, ex: polysiphonia | |
| 144960954 | Phylum Myxomycota | plasmodial slime molds, terrestrial, heterotrophs, decomposers, multinucleate amoeboid stage (plasmodium), ex: physarum | |
| 144960955 | Phylum Acrasiomycota | cellular slime molds, amoeboid unicellular and multicellular stages, terrestrial, heterotrophs, decomposers, ex: dictyostelium | |
| 144960956 | Phylum Oomycota | water molds, cellulose cell walls | |
| 144960957 | Fungus-like protists | Myxomycota, Acrasiomycota, Oomycota | |
| 144960958 | Algal protists | Dinoflagellata, Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta | |
| 144960959 | Protozoans | Rhizophoda, Actinopoda, Foramnifera, Apicomlexa, Zoomastigina, Ciliophora | |
| 144960960 | Stromatolites | banded domes of sediment similar to bacterial mats in Fig Tree chert | |
| 144960961 | Oparin and Haldane | Independently hypothesised Earth's early atmosphere provided conditions not possible today | |
| 144960962 | Miller and Urey | Tested Oparin's hypothesis in lab and produced diverse organic molecules from inorganic precursors |
