McGraw Hill 8th Edition by Sylvia S. Mader. 22 Vocab
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| 107972465 | Acetyl-coA | Molecular made up of a 2-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A. During cellular respiration, the acetyl group enters the citric acid cycle for further breakdown | |
| 107972468 | Anabolism | Metabolic process by which larger molecules are synthesized form smaller ones; anabolic metabolism | |
| 107972470 | Anaerobic | Growing or metabolizing in the absence of oxygen | |
| 107972472 | Catabolism | Metabolic process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones; catabolic metabolism | |
| 107972474 | Cellular respiration | Metabolic reactions that use the energy form carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP | |
| 107972476 | Chemiosmosis | Ability of certain membranes to use a hydrogen ion gradient to drive ATP formation | |
| 107972478 | Citric acid cycle | Cycle of reactions in mitochondria that begins with citric acid. It breaks down an acetyl group and produces CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2; also called the Krebs Cycle | |
| 107972480 | Cytochrome | Any of several iron-containing protein molecules that serve as electron carriers in photosynthesis and cellular respiration | |
| 107972481 | Deamination | Removal of an amino group (-NH2) form an amino acid or other organic compound | |
| 107972482 | Electron carrier | molecules that carry electrons | |
| 107972484 | Electron transport system | Passage of membrane-bound electron carrier molecules from a higher to lower energy level; the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP | |
| 107972486 | FAD | Flavid adenine dinucleotide: a coenzyme of oxidation-reduction that becomes FADH2 as oxidation of substrates occurs, and then delivers electrons to the electron transport system in mitochondria during cellular respiration | |
| 107972487 | Fermentation | Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of two ATP and end products such as alcohol and lactate | |
| 107972488 | Glycolysis | Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of two ATP and the end product pyruvate | |
| 107972489 | Metabolic pool | Metabolites that are the products of and / or the substrate for key reaction in cells, allowing one type of molecule to be changed into another type, such as carbohydrates converted to fats | |
| 107972490 | Mitochondrion | Membrane-bound organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration | |
| 107972491 | NAD+ | Coenzyme of oxidation-reduction that accepts electrons and hydrogen ions to become NADPH + H+ as oxidation of substrate occurs. During cellular respiration, NADH carries electrons to the electron transport system in mitochondria | |
| 107972492 | Oxidative phosphorylation | Process by which ATP production is tied to an electron transport system that uses oxygen as the final acceptor | |
| 107972493 | Oxygen debt | Amount of oxygen oxidizes lactic acid produced anaerobically during strenuous muscle activity. | |
| 107972494 | Pyruvate | End product of glycolysis; its further fate, involving fermentation or entry into an mitochondrion, depends on oxygen availability | |
| 107972495 | Substrate-level phosphorlylation | Process in which ATP is formed by transferring a phosphate form a metabolic substrate to ADP | |
| 107972496 | Transition reaction | Reaction that oxidizes pyruvate with the release of carbon dioxide; results in acetyl-CoA and connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. |
