photosynthesis
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| 8189125186 | photosynthesis | plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugarsspe |  | 0 |
| 8189110303 | photosynthesis equation | 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 | 1 | |
| 8189110304 | autotrophs | (producers) make organic molecules for food on their own | 2 | |
| 8189112591 | photoautotrophs | organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances. | 3 | |
| 8189112592 | heterotrophs | organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products. | 4 | |
| 8189112593 | chlorophyll | green pigment in plants (chlorophyll) that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis | 5 | |
| 8189114984 | stomata | the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move | 6 | |
| 8189114985 | mesophyll | spongy tissue in the interior of the leaf where most chloroplasts are found |  | 7 |
| 8189117019 | thylakoids | flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy. |  | 8 |
| 8189117020 | stroma | fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids |  | 9 |
| 8189190441 | light reactions | first stage of photosynthesis, reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH | 10 | |
| 8189190442 | NADP+ | electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH | 11 | |
| 8189196418 | photophosphorylation | ATP (from ADP) is formed utilizing the energy of sunlight | 12 | |
| 8189204204 | wavelength | horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves | 13 | |
| 8189206578 | electromagnetic spectrum | the entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves |  | 14 |
| 8189206579 | visible light | electromagnetic waves that are visible to the human eye | 15 | |
| 8189206580 | photons | particles of light | 16 | |
| 8189213635 | spectrophotometer | instrument that can measure transmitted light and compute the absorption | 17 | |
| 8189216061 | absorption spectrum | range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light. | 18 | |
| 8189216062 | chlorophyll a | type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions. | 19 | |
| 8189218746 | action spectrum | profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light. | 20 | |
| 8189222580 | chlorophyll b | yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a. | 21 | |
| 8189224918 | accessory pigment | compound other than chlorophyll that absorbs light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll | 22 | |
| 8189224919 | cartenoids | absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll | 23 | |
| 8189227446 | fluorescence | a process by which atoms release light energy | 24 | |
| 8189233399 | photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids | 25 | |
| 8189235478 | reaction center complex | organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules |  | 26 |
| 8189235479 | light harvesting complex | consists of various pigment molecules bound to proteins |  | 27 |
| 8189238066 | primary electron acceptor | in chloroplasts, an acceptor of electrons lost from chlorophyll a; found in the thylakoid membrane | | 28 |
| 8189243654 | photosystem 2 | P680 (red), a light reaction in which ATP and NADPH are formed, takes place first | 29 | |
| 8189243655 | photosystem 1 | P700 chlorophyll , makes NADPH, does not take place first | 30 | |
| 8189246223 | linear electron flow | primary pathway: involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy |  | 31 |
| 8189251086 | cyclic electron flow | an electron transport pathway that produces ATP without NADPH; associated with photosystem I |  | 32 |
| 8189262237 | glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate | (G3P) in step 5 of glycolysis, fructose-6, 1-biphosphate is split into two of these molecules. | 33 | |
| 8189196419 | calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |  | 34 |
| 8189276879 | carbon fixation | incorporation of carbon from carbon dioxide into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism. | 35 | |
| 8189276880 | reduction | gain of electrons | 36 | |
| 8189294414 | regeneration of the co2 acceptor(RuBP) | last step of the calvin cycle, carbon skeletons of 5 molecules of G3P are rearranged into 3 molecules of ATP | 37 | |
| 8189294415 | rubp | accepts co2 during calvin cycle | 38 | |
| 8189300482 | photorespiration | reaction in which rubisco attaches oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate | 39 | |
| 8189303768 | c4 plants | cells located toward the surface of a plant leaf; exposed to oxygen and have no RuBisCO to do photosynthesis | 40 | |
| 8189303769 | mesophyll cells | loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface. | 41 | |
| 8189306493 | PEP carboxylase | enzyme in C4 plants that adds carbon dioxide (CO2) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form four carbon oxaloacetate; can fix CO2 even when CO2 concentrations are low | 42 | |
| 8189309746 | bundle sheath cells | type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf. | 43 | |
| 8189313235 | crassulacean acid metabolism | metabolic adaptation employed by plants that live in hot, dry climates. | 44 | |
| 8189316007 | CAM plants | open their stomata at night, incorporating CO2 into organic acids | 45 |
