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| 15076942586 | ecology | The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment | 0 | |
| 15076942587 | Global ecology | Examines how regional exchanges of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere | 1 | |
| 15076942588 | landscape ecology | focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems | 2 | |
| 15076942589 | Ecosystem ecology | emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment | 3 | |
| 15076942590 | community ecology | examines how interactions between species, such as predation and competition, affect community structure and organization | 4 | |
| 15076942591 | population ecology | analyzes factors that affect population size and how and why it changes through time | 5 | |
| 15076942592 | organismal ecology | concerned with how an organism's structure, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment | 6 | |
| 15076942593 | climate | the long-term prevailing weather conditions in a given area | 7 | |
| 15076942594 | Four major components of climate | temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind | 8 | |
| 15076942595 | Global climate patterns are determined by... | input of solar energy and Earth's movement in space | 9 | |
| 15076942596 | Biomes | major life zones characterized by vegetation type in terrestrial biomes or by the physical environment in aquatic biomes | 10 | |
| 15076942597 | Because there are (blank) patterns of climate over the Earth's surface, there are also (blank) patterns of biome distribution | latitudinal | 11 | |
| 15076942598 | The distribution of biomes can be modified by (blank) | disturbances | 12 | |
| 15076942599 | Disturbance | An event, such as storm, fire, flood, drought, overgrazing or human activity, that changes a community and alters resource availability. | 13 | |
| 15076942600 | What are terrestrial biomes named for? | Predominant physical, climatic, or vegetative features | 14 | |
| 15080509050 | photic zone | The top layer of an ocean or lake where there's enough light for photosynthesis | 15 | |
| 15080509051 | aphotic zone | The part of the ocean beneath the photic zone, where light does not penetrate sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur. | 16 | |
| 15080509052 | benthic zone | The bottom surface of an aquatic environment | 17 | |
| 15080509053 | Benthos | The communities of organisms living in the benthic zone of an aquatic biome. | 18 | |
| 15080509054 | littoral zone | shallow, well-lit waters close to shore | 19 | |
| 15080509055 | limnetic zone | In a lake, the well-lit, open surface waters farther from shore. | 20 | |
| 15080509056 | pelagic zone | open water above the ocean floor | 21 | |
| 15080509057 | Thermocline | a narrow layer of abrupt temperature change that separates the more uniformly warm upper layer from more uniformly cold deeper waters | 22 | |
| 15080509058 | Marine (blank) and (blank) supply much of the world's oxygen and consume large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide | Algae, photosynthetic bacteria | 23 | |
| 15080509059 | oligotrophic lake | A lake that's nutrient-poor and oxygen-rich (typically large bodies of water that are dilute in nutrients) | 24 | |
| 15080509060 | Eutrophic lake | nutrient-rich and often depleted of oxygen in the deepest zone in summer and if covered with ice in winter | 25 | |
| 15080509061 | Eutrophication | A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria. | 26 | |
| 15080509062 | Estuary | a transition area between a river and the ocean | 27 | |
| 15080509063 | intertidal zone | Portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tide lines, periodically submerged and exposed by the tides twice daily | 28 | |
| 15080509064 | Species distributions are a consequence of (blank) and (blank) | Ecological factors and evolutionary history | 29 | |
| 15080509065 | Dispersal | Movement of individuals away from centers of high population density or their area of origin. | 30 | |
| 15080509066 | Biotic factors | living parts of an ecosystem (i.e. predators, herbivores, pollinators, etc.) | 31 | |
| 15080509067 | abiotic factors | nonliving parts of an ecosystem | 32 | |
| 15080509068 | major abiotic factors | Temperature, water, oxygen, salinity, sunlights, rocks, soil | 33 | |
| 15080509069 | Density | The number of individuals per unit area or volume | 34 | |
| 15080509070 | Factors that increase and decrease population density | Increase: birth and immigration Decrease: death and emigration | 35 | |
| 15080509071 | patterns of dispersion | The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population | 36 | |
| 15080887612 | Three basic dispersion patterns | Clumped (organisms groups together), uniform (organisms are super territorial and spread out evenly), random (there's no behavioral reason for the organisms for the organisms to be dispersed the way they are) | 37 | |
| 15080887613 | Demography | Study of vital statistics of a population and how they change over time. | 38 | |
| 15080887614 | Life tables | Age-specific survival and reproductive rates of individuals in a population. These are produced following the fate of a cohort | 39 | |
| 15080887615 | survivorship curve | a graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age |  | 40 |
| 15080887616 | Type I survivorship curve | a pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age (associated with k-selected species) | 41 | |
| 15080887617 | Type II survivorship curve | a pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span (SQUIRRELS) | 42 | |
| 15080887618 | Type III survivorship curve | Curve that describes species in which most individuals die young, with only a few organisms surviving long enough to reproduce and beyond (associated with r-selected species) | 43 | |
| 15080887619 | Population growth rate | The change in number of individuals over a given period of time | 44 | |
| 15080887620 | exponential population growth | An idealized population growth in an environment with unlimited resources. This can occur in the short run (associated with r-selected species) | 45 | |
| 15080887621 | intrinsic rate of increase | the per capita rate at which an exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant in time | 46 | |
| 15080887622 | Carrying capacity | The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K. | 47 | |
| 15080887623 | logistic population growth | population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity | 48 | |
| 15080887624 | life history | Traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival. | 49 | |
| 15080887625 | Variables that influence life histories | When reproduction begins, how often the organism reproduces, how many offspring per reproductive episode | 50 | |
| 15080887626 | K-selection | Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; also called density-dependent selection. | 51 | |
| 15080887627 | Characteristics of k-selected organisms | Stable environment, long lived, high parental care, fewer offspring (i.e. elephants, humans) | 52 | |
| 15080887628 | r-selection | Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; also called density-independent selection. | 53 | |
| 15080887629 | Characteristics of r-selected organisms | Unstable environment, high fecundity, small in size, early maturity/breeding, short generation time, boom and bust (i.e. oysters, dandelions) | 54 | |
| 15080887630 | density dependent | Referring to any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density. | 55 | |
| 15080887631 | density dependent factors | Competition, territoriality, predation, disease, intrinsic factors | 56 | |
| 15080887632 | Density independent | Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density. | 57 | |
| 15080887633 | Density independent factors | Oil spill, drought, weather | 58 | |
| 15123975330 | Tundra | An extremely cold, dry biome. | 59 | |
| 15123975331 | Taiga | biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest | 60 | |
| 15123975332 | Grassland | A biome found in the dry temperate interiors of continents. This biome is characterized by rich soil, moderate rainfall, a hot, dry climate, thick grasses, and herds of grazing animals. | 61 | |
| 15123975333 | deciduous forest | A biome with four seasons, plants shed leaves in the fall and grow new ones in the spring. | 62 | |
| 15123975334 | Chaparral | A biome with vegetation consisting chiefly of tangled shrubs and thorny bushes. | 63 | |
| 15123975335 | desert | An extremely hot, dry biome with little water and few plants | 64 | |
| 15123975336 | Savannah | Open grassland biome with scattered trees | 65 | |
| 15123975337 | rainforest | A tropical forest biome, usually of tall, densely growing, broad-leaved evergreen trees in an area of high annual rainfall. | 66 | |
| 15123975338 | Alpine | high mountain biome | 67 | |
| 15123975339 | Population growth rate equation | Change in N/change in t, which is equal to (B-D)/(t2-t1) | 68 | |
| 15123975340 | Per capita birth rate | b= B/N | 69 | |
| 15123975341 | per capita death rate | d=D/N | 70 | |
| 15123975342 | Per capita growth of a population | (B-D)/N=b-d=r | 71 | |
| 15123975343 | Exponential growth equation | dN/dt = rN | 72 | |
| 15123975344 | Logistic growth equation | dN/dt=rN(K-N/K) | 73 | |
| 15123975345 | Marked animals equation | N=Mn/m | 74 | |
| 15358104936 | Zones of aquatic ecosystems |  | 75 | |
| 15358968592 | r | The PER CAPITA growth rate of a population | 76 |
