Terms : Hide Images
| 81022963 | polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together | |
| 81022964 | monomer | The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer | |
| 81022965 | double helix | The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape | |
| 81022966 | RNA | A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses | |
| 81022967 | DNA | A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins | |
| 81022968 | condensation reaction | A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction | |
| 81022969 | dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule | |
| 81022970 | starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose | |
| 81022971 | glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch | |
| 81022972 | nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous bas and a phosphate group | |
| 81022973 | monosaccharide | The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of monosaccharides are generally some multiple of CH20 | |
| 81022974 | fatty acid | a long carbon chain carboxylic acid. fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat | |
| 81022975 | steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached | |
| 81022976 | cholesterol | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids | |
| 81022977 | polysaccharide | A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by condensation reactions | |
| 81022978 | carbohydrate | A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides). | |
| 81022979 | triacylglycerol | Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule | |
| 81022980 | nucleic acid | A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA | |
| 81022981 | gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) | |
| 81022982 | disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis | |
| 81022983 | hydrolysis | A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion | |
| 81022984 | lipid | One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water | |
| 81022985 | alpha helix | A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure | |
| 81022986 | pyrimidine | one of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring. Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) | |
| 81022987 | ribose | The sugar component of RNA | |
| 81022988 | cellulose | A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages | |
| 81022989 | chitin | A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods | |
| 81022990 | peptide bond | the covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by condensation synthesis | |
| 81022991 | beta pleated sheet | One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds | |
| 81022992 | purine | a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine | |
| 81022993 | protein | A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids | |
| 81022994 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds | |
| 81022995 | amino acid | An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins | |
| 81022996 | primary structure | the level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids |
