Terms : Hide Images
| 573338097 | central vacuole | A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. | |
| 573338098 | centriole | A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9 + 0 pattern. A centrosome has a pair of centrioles. | |
| 573338099 | centrosome | Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. A centrosome has two centrioles. | |
| 573338100 | chloroplast | An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. | |
| 573338101 | chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope. | |
| 573338102 | chromosome | A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. (A bacterial chromosome usually consists of a single circular DNA molecule and associated proteins. It is found in the nucleoid region, which is not membrane bounded.) See also chromatin. | |
| 573338103 | contractile vacuole | A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists. | |
| 573338104 | crista | An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP (ATP synthase). | |
| 573338105 | cytoplasm | The contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane. | |
| 573338106 | cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm. | |
| 573338107 | endomembrane system | The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles. | |
| 573338108 | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions. | |
| 573338109 | eukaryotic cell | A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes. | |
| 573338110 | food vacuole | A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell. | |
| 573338111 | Golgi apparatus | An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbohydrates. | |
| 573338112 | granum | A stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis. | |
| 573338113 | lysosome | A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists. | |
| 573338114 | mitochondrial matrix | The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle. | |
| 573338115 | mitochondrion | An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration. | |
| 573338116 | nuclear envelope | The double membrane in a eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. | |
| 573338117 | nuclear lamina | A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. | |
| 573338118 | nucleoid region | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. | |
| 573338119 | nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly. See also ribosome. | |
| 573338120 | nucleus | The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. | |
| 573338121 | organelle | Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. | |
| 573338122 | peroxisome | An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen (H2) from various substrates to oxygen (O2), producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). | |
| 573338123 | phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell. It is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals (in mammals, mainly macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). | |
| 573338124 | plasma membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition. | |
| 573338125 | Plastid | One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts (leucoplasts). Plastids are found in cells of photosynthetic organisms. | |
| 573338126 | prokaryotic cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes. | |
| 573338127 | ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | The most abundant type of RNA, which together with proteins makes up ribosomes. | |
| 573338128 | ribosome | A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus. See also nucleolus. | |
| 573338129 | rough ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. | |
| 573338130 | Smooth ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. | |
| 573338131 | stroma | Within the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. | |
| 573338132 | thylakoid | A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Thylakoids exist in an interconnected system in the chloroplast and contain the molecular "machinery" used to convert light energy to chemical energy. | |
| 573338133 | transport vesicle | A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. | |
| 573338134 | vacuole | A membrane-bounded vesicle whose function varies in different kinds of cells. | |
| 573338135 | vesicle | A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm. |
