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| 214088412 | Autotrophs | plant, make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from any other organisms | |
| 214088413 | Photosynthesis | Plants convert CO2 and H2O to their own organic molecules and release O2 as a bioproduct | |
| 214088414 | Heterotrophs | consume other plants or animals or decompose organic material | |
| 214088415 | Chlorophyll | a light-absorbing pigment in the chloroplasts that plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy, causes the green color in plants | |
| 214088416 | Mesophyll | the green tissue in the interior of the leaf, where chloroplasts are concentrated | |
| 214088417 | Stomata | oxygen exits the leaf and CO2 enters through these | |
| 214088418 | Stroma | the thick fluid in the inside of a chloroplast | |
| 214088419 | Thylakoids | a system of interconnected sac suspended in the stroma, have chlorophyll built into their membranes | |
| 214088420 | Grana | Thylakoid stacks | |
| 214088421 | Light Reactions | include the steps that convert light energy into chemical energy and release O2, occur within thylakoid membranes | |
| 214088422 | NADP+ | an electron acceptor that transports electrons in photosynthesis | |
| 214088423 | Calvin Cycle | Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Is a cyclic series of reactions that assemble sugar molecules using CO2 and the energy-rich products of light reactions | |
| 214088424 | Carbon Fixation | the incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds | |
| 215013249 | Electromagnetic Spectrum | the full range of electromagnetic wavelengths from the very short gamma rays to the very long-wavelength radio waves | |
| 215013250 | Wavelength | the distance between the crests of two adjacent waves | |
| 215013251 | Photon | has a fixed quantity of energy and the shorter the wavelength of light, the greater the energy of this | |
| 215013252 | Chlorophyll a | a type of pigment that absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light, reflects mainly green light, present in chloroplasts | |
| 215013253 | Photosystem | consists of a number of light-harvesting complexes surrounding a reaction-center complex | |
| 215013254 | Light-harvesting complex | contains various pigment molecules bound to proteins | |
| 215013255 | Reaction-center complex | contains the pair of special chlorophyll a molecules and a molecule called the primary electron acceptor | |
| 215013256 | Primary Electron acceptor | capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced, found in the reaction-center complex | |
| 215213362 | Photophosphorylation | the chemiosmotic production of ATP in photosynthesis | |
| 216095368 | C3 Plants | these plants are called this because the first product of carbon fixation is the three-carbon compound 3-PGA | |
| 216095369 | Photorespiration | A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, generates no ATP, and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of carbon dioxide. | |
| 216095370 | C4 plants | A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the calvin cycle | |
| 216095371 | CAM Plants | these type of plants survive hot, dry conditions because...1) stomata close during the day, 2) stomata open during the night, 3) store carbon dioxide as a 4-carbon compound so that it can be used during the day to complete the Calvin cycle | |
| 216095372 | Greenhouse Effect | Visible light passes through the o-zone and warms the earth, heat radiation from the warm planet is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, which the reflect some back to earth, this keeps the earth at a constant warm temperature and allows life to exist | |
| 216095373 | Global Climate Change | the slow but steady increase in average global temperature cause the melting of polar ice, rising sea levels, extreme weather patterns, droughts, increased extinction rates, and the spread of diseases |
