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| 6270239841 | a group of cells with a common function, structure or both | tissue | 0 | |
| 6270255360 | several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions | organ | 1 | |
| 6270265108 | the three plant organs are _______, _________, and _______ | roots; stems; leaves | 2 | |
| 6270277169 | organ that anchors a vascular plant, absorbs minerals and water, and stores organic nutrients | root |  | 3 |
| 6270286062 | one main vertical root | taproot |  | 4 |
| 6270296467 | branching roots that extend horizontally from a main root | lateral roots |  | 5 |
| 6270317240 | what are the function of root hairs | increase the surface area for water and mineral absorbtion |  | 6 |
| 6270334610 | main function of a leaf | perform photosynthesis |  | 7 |
| 6270343448 | what are the additional five functions modified leaves can perform | support, protection, gas exchange, reproduction, storage | 8 | |
| 6270356012 | what are the three types of plant tissues | dermal, vascular, and ground | 9 | |
| 6270362772 | what is the function of dermal tissue | outer protection covering | 10 | |
| 6270368532 | what is the function of vascular tissue | long distance transport between roots and shoots (xylem and phloem) | 11 | |
| 6270382149 | what is the function of ground tissue | storage, photosynthesis, support (everything else) | 12 | |
| 6270389954 | what is the function of the cuticle | protect leaf and prevent water loss |  | 13 |
| 6270409825 | the pith (tissue) is found _______ and the cortex (tissue) is found | inside the vascular tissue; outside the vascular tissue | 14 | |
| 6270463051 | what are the five types of plant cells | parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem | 15 | |
| 6270483218 | cells perform most metabolic functions of the plant/ synthesizing and storing various organic products | parenchyma | 16 | |
| 6270491873 | cells help support young parts of the plant shoot- they are flexible and alive | collenchyma | 17 | |
| 6270498332 | cells produce secondary walls before protoplast dies | sclerenchyma | 18 | |
| 6270520503 | cells that allow water to flow through their vessels | xylem cells | 19 | |
| 6270528135 | cells that transport sugar and nutrients through them | phloem cells | 20 | |
| 6270550062 | long thin cells found in xylem that serve to transport water and mineral salts | tracheids |  | 21 |
| 6270558089 | short wide cells found in xylem that are the water conducting tissues | vessel elements | 22 | |
| 6270589347 | a plant that grows continuously throughout its life has ______ | indeterminate growth |  | 23 |
| 6270595110 | a plant that stops growing once it hits a certain age has ______ | determinate growth |  | 24 |
| 6270609685 | plants that complete their life cycle in a year (germination-> flowering -> death) | annuals |  | 25 |
| 6270613046 | plants that generally live 2 years (beets) | biennials |  | 26 |
| 6270620454 | plants that live many years (shrubs, bushes, trees) | perennials |  | 27 |
| 6270640274 | growing in length is _______ growth | primary | 28 | |
| 6270649025 | growing in width/thickness is _________ growth | secondary | 29 | |
| 6270668466 | the solid vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem is found in the ___________ (middle of the root) | stele |  | 30 |
| 6270679655 | a layer one cell thick that forms a boundary for vascular cylinder on the inside | endodermis | 31 | |
| 6270737975 | outermost layer of vascular cylinder | pericycle |  | 32 |
| 6270797042 | stem has neat grouped vascular bundles | dicot |  | 33 |
| 6270801649 | stem has scattered vascular bundles | monocot |  | 34 |
| 6270817879 | what crucial gas for photosynthesis enters the leaf through the stoma | CO2 | 35 | |
| 6270824881 | _______ is lost through the stoma in transpiration | water |  | 36 |
| 6270836621 | what is the function of bark | bark protects the tree and helps it retain nutrients |  | 37 |
| 6270859131 | plants require _______ essential nutrients | 17 | 38 | |
| 6270863180 | what organisms make nitrogen available to plants | nitrogen fixing bacteria | 39 | |
| 6270870954 | nitrogen fixing bacteria convert _____ into _____ | N2; NH4+ | 40 | |
| 6270878252 | nitrogen fixing bacteria are found in the ______ of roots | nodules |  | 41 |
| 6270888989 | T/F: some plants are parasitic and live off other plants | true (mistletoe) |  | 42 |
| 6270897882 | plants that live in poor soil conditions and rely on animals and insects for nutrients | carnivorous plants |  | 43 |
| 6270928987 | male gametophytes are created within _______ (pollen sac) | sporangia | 44 | |
| 6271055562 | what is the process of male gametophyte reproduction | thought mitosis 2n microsporocytes -> 4n haploid microspores | 45 | |
| 6271083608 | female gametophyte (ovule) is produced in the ______ | ovary |  | 46 |
| 6271091249 | what is the process of female gametophyte reproduction | 2n megasporocytes -> 4n megaspores goes through mitosis 3 times to produce 1 large cell with 8 haploid nuclei | 47 | |
| 6271601965 | _________ are the main cause of growth patterns in plants | hormones | 48 | |
| 6271624367 | where are hormones created | growing regions of plants | 49 | |
| 6271629249 | ______, ________, & ______ are the growing regions of plants | meristematic tissue; apical region; growing seeds & leaves | 50 | |
| 6271650634 | what are the 6 plant hormones | auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids | 51 | |
| 6271751573 | auxin stimulates ________ | cell elongation, root growth, cell differentiation, development of fruit, and causing apical dominance | 52 | |
| 6271806397 | auxins are responsible for ______ and _____ | phototropism; geotropism | 53 | |
| 6271814560 | T/F: apical buds hog gibberellins so plant grows vertically not laterally | FALSE -auxins | 54 | |
| 6271845521 | process of plants bending towards the light | phototropism |  | 55 |
| 6271867462 | why do plants bend towards the light | when light strikes a plant the auxin on that side decreases. the opposite side has higher auxin levels so cells continue to elongate on that side lilt auxin = slow growth |  | 56 |
| 6271883744 | process of plants bending towards or away from gravity | geotropism |  | 57 |
| 6271889327 | why do plants turned on their side grow away from gravity | the gravity pulls the auxin down to one side of the plant. this side keeps growing while the other does not making the plant grow up. | 58 | |
| 6271903354 | what are the 6 functions of gibberellins | 1. stimulate rapid stem growth 2. inhibit formation of new roots 3. stimulate production of new phloem cells 4. terminates seed dormancy 5. induce flowering for biennials during 1st year 6. make fruit grow larger for commercial use | 59 | |
| 6271935698 | what are the the functions of cytokinins | promotes cell division and slows aging in leaves | 60 | |
| 6271960986 | higher levels of auxin= ________ higher levels of cytokinins= ________ | root formation buds grow into stems | 61 | |
| 6271973139 | what is the function of ethylene | stimulates fruit ripening |  | 62 |
| 6271975342 | when is ethylene released | during times of stress (plant growing under rock) | 63 | |
| 6271981251 | what is the purpose of ethylene inhibitors | to cause dormancy in lateral buds and seeds during winter so they do not get destroyed in the cold | 64 | |
| 6271987551 | what is the function of abscisic acid | block stem growth and promote dormancy- stimulates closing of stomata *used during autumn | 65 | |
| 6271991687 | what is the function of brassinosteroids | inhibit root growth, grows xylem slows leaf loss *used during springtime | 66 | |
| 6272001174 | plants responding to changes in the length of day/night | photoperiodism | 67 | |
| 6272016016 | short day plants= long day plants = | long night short night | 68 | |
| 6272022377 | leaves send chemical messages via _________ after detecting photoperiod | Florigen | 69 | |
| 6272026168 | plants have ______ (thorns) and _______ (toxins) defenses against herbivores | physical; chemical |  | 70 |
| 6272033895 | plants have _______ genes to defend against pathogens | resistance | 71 | |
| 6272037454 | area of infection sends chemical alarm stimulating production of protein to attack the pathogen | SAR (systematic acquired resistance) | 72 |
