Introduction to Biology
Chemistry of Life
Properties of Water
Terms : Hide Images
| 1626068741 | Population | A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species | 0 | |
| 1626068742 | Hydrogen bond | When the slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule | 1 | |
| 1626068743 | Hydrophobic | Nonpolar substances like oils that repel water molecules | 2 | |
| 1626068744 | Buffer | A solution that prevents sudden changes in pH | 3 | |
| 1626068745 | Atomic mass | Number of protons plus neutrons for an element | 4 | |
| 1626068746 | Atomic number | Number of protons or electrons an element contains | 5 | |
| 1626068747 | Dalton | A unit of mass equivalent to one proton or one neutron, also known as atomic mass unit (amu) | 6 | |
| 1626068748 | Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons | 7 | |
| 1626068749 | Covalent bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share valence electrons | 8 | |
| 1626068750 | Nonpolar covalent bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms that are equally electronegative share valence electrons | 9 | |
| 1626068751 | Polar covalent bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms that have different electronegativities share valence electrons | 10 | |
| 1626068752 | Van der Waals interactions | Form when electrons are not equally distributed around a molecule | 11 | |
| 1626068753 | Compound | A molecule consisting of two or more types of atoms in definite proportions (ex. H20) | 12 | |
| 1626068754 | Trace elements | Elements that are necessary for life, but only in very small amounts | 13 | |
| 1626068755 | Structural formula | The physical makeup of a biological component, A chemical formula that shows the number and types of atoms in a chemical compound molecule and how they are arranged | 14 | |
| 1626068756 | Feedback regulation | A method of metabolic control | 15 | |
| 1626068758 | Prokaryotic | A cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles | 16 | |
| 1626068759 | Eukaryotic cell | A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles | 17 | |
| 1626068763 | Bacteria | Domain of prokaryotic organisms that are found everywhere on Earth | 18 | |
| 1626068764 | Archaea | Domain of prokaryotic organisms that are often found in extreme environments on Earth | 19 | |
| 1626068765 | Eukarya | Domain of organisms that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles | 20 | |
| 1626068766 | Natural selection | The idea that organisms living on Earth today are the modified descendants of common ancestors, Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations. | 21 | |
| 1626068767 | Biosphere | Anywhere on Earth where life exists | 22 | |
| 1626068768 | Theory | An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence | 23 | |
| 1626068769 | Model Organism | A scientific representation of a natural phenomenon, A particular species chosen for research into broad biological principles because it is representative of a larger group and usually easy to grow in a lab. | 24 | |
| 1626068770 | Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass | 25 | |
| 1626068771 | Element | A substance that cannot be broken down to another substances by chemical reactions | 26 | |
| 1626068772 | Atom | The smallest unit f matter that still retains the properties of an element | 27 | |
| 1626068773 | Proton | Subatomic particle with a positive charge and a mass of 1 dalton | 28 | |
| 1626068774 | Neutron | Subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 dalton | 29 | |
| 1626068775 | Electron | Subatomic particle with a negative charge and a mass of 1/2000 of a Dalton | 30 | |
| 1626068776 | Valence | Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom | 31 | |
| 1626068777 | Cation | Positively charged ion | 32 | |
| 1626068778 | Cohesion | The attract between two of the same molecules | 33 | |
| 1626068779 | Adhesion | The attraction between two different molecules | 34 | |
| 1626068780 | Specific heat | The amount of heat that must be absorbed for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree celcius | 35 | |
| 1626068781 | Solution | A liquid that is homogeneous mixture of substances | 36 | |
| 1626068782 | Solvent | The dissolving agent of a solution | 37 | |
| 1626068783 | Solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution | 38 | |
| 1626068784 | Hydrophyllic | A substance that can be dissolved in water | 39 | |
| 1626068785 | Anion | Negatively charged ion | 40 | |
| 1626068786 | Ion | An atom with a positive or negative charge | 41 | |
| 1626068787 | Energy | Capacity to do work | 42 | |
| 1626068793 | Hypothesis | Tentative answer to a scientific question that must be testable and falsifiable | 43 | |
| 1626068794 | Biology | The scientific study of life | 44 | |
| 1626068795 | Potential energy | The energy that matter has because of its location or structure | 45 | |
| 1626068796 | Chemical reaction | The making and breaking of chemical bonds | 46 | |
| 1626068797 | Reactants | The starting molecules of a chemical reaction | 47 | |
| 1626068798 | Products | The final molecules of a chemical reaction | 48 | |
| 1626068799 | Chemical equilibrium | When the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal | 49 | |
| 1626068801 | Molarity | The number of moles of a solute per liter of solution | 50 | |
| 1626068802 | Acid | A substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution and has a pH of less than 7 | 51 | |
| 1626068803 | Base | A substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution and has a pH of greater than 7 | 52 | |
| 1627481165 | Evoution | is defined as a change in allele frequencies in a population over time | 53 | |
| 1627481166 | Emergent Properties | New properties that EMERGE with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. | 54 | |
| 1627481167 | Reductionism | A fault of some researchers: a strict limitation (reduction) of the kinds of concepts to be considered relevant to the phenomenon under study. | 55 | |
| 1627481168 | Systems biology | An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. | 56 | |
| 1627481169 | Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. | 57 | |
| 1627481170 | DNA | A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. | 58 | |
| 1627481171 | Genes | Chemical factors that determine traits | 59 | |
| 1627481172 | Gene Expressions | the process by which cell converts the genetic code into RNA and protein | 60 | |
| 1627481173 | Genome | All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes. | 61 | |
| 1627481174 | Genomics | Study and comparison of genomes within a single species or among different species. | 62 | |
| 1627481175 | Proteomics | Study of the structure and function of proteins in the human body | 63 | |
| 1627481176 | Proteome | The DNA that codes for the complete set of all proteins that a person can make at a given time under certain conditions | 64 | |
| 1627481177 | Bioinformatics | The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets. | 65 | |
| 1627481178 | Producers | Individuals and organizations that determine what products and services. | 66 | |
| 1627481179 | Consumers | An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains. | 67 | |
| 1627481180 | Science | An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world. | 68 | |
| 1627481181 | Inquiry | A process of learning that starts with asking questions and proceeds by seeking the answers to the questions. | 69 | |
| 1627481182 | Inductive Reasoning | A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. | 70 | |
| 1627481183 | Deductive Reasoning | Reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) | 71 | |
| 1627481184 | Experiment | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process | 72 | |
| 1627481185 | Variables | factors that can change in an experiment | 73 | |
| 1627481186 | Independent Variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. | 74 | |
| 1627481187 | Dependent Variable | The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. | 75 | |
| 1627481188 | Controlled experiment | A test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other variables the same | 76 | |
| 1627481189 | Technology | Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings | 77 | |
| 1627481190 | Essential elements | A chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. | 78 | |
| 1627481191 | Atomic Nucleus | An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. | 79 | |
| 1627481192 | Mass Number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus | 80 | |
| 1627481193 | Radioactive Isotopes | Atoms that are unstable, meaning they decay, or break down, to form stable atoms of a different element | 81 | |
| 1627481194 | Half-life | The time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation an decay products | 82 | |
| 1627481195 | Radiometric Dating | the process of measuring the absolute age of geologic material by measuring the concentrations of radioactive isotopes and their decay products | 83 | |
| 1627481196 | Electron shell | An energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom. | 84 | |
| 1627481197 | Valence Shell | Outer most electron shell; determines whether it gives up, accepts, or shares electrons | 85 | |
| 1627481198 | Orbital | A region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found. | 86 | |
| 1627481199 | Chemical Bonds | A union between the electron structures of two or more atoms | 87 | |
| 1627481200 | Molecule | the simplest structural unit of an element or compound | 88 | |
| 1627481201 | Covalent Bond | A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons | 89 | |
| 1627481203 | Molecular Formula | A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms. | 90 | |
| 1627481204 | Electronegativity | the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond | 91 | |
| 1627481205 | Ioninc bond | a bond that is formed when one electron is transfered from one atom to another | 92 | |
| 1627481206 | Ionic Compound | Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal | 93 | |
| 1627481207 | Salts | Another name for Ionic Compounds | 94 | |
| 1627481208 | Surface tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid | 95 | |
| 1627481209 | Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion | 96 | |
| 1627481210 | Thermal Energy | Heat energy | 97 | |
| 1627481211 | Heat | Energy in transit due to a temperature difference between the source from which the energy is coming and a sink toward which the energy is going. | 98 | |
| 1627481212 | Calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C | 99 | |
| 1627481213 | Kilocalorie | A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories. | 100 | |
| 1627481214 | Joule | Another unit of heat. 1 joule is equivalent to.239 calories. | 101 | |
| 1627481215 | Heat of vaporization | The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas | 102 | |
| 1627481216 | Evaporation cooling | is the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, as a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state | 103 | |
| 1627481217 | Aqueous soultion | a soultion in which water is the solvent | 104 | |
| 1627481218 | Hydration shell | The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion | 105 | |
| 1627481219 | Molecular mass | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight. | 106 | |
| 1627481220 | Mole | the simplest structural unit of an element or compound (Think number) | 107 | |
| 1627481221 | Hydrogen ion | a positively charged atom of hydrogen | 108 | |
| 1627481222 | Hydroxide ion | A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen. | 109 | |
| 1627481223 | Hydronium ion | hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion, H3O(+) | 110 | |
| 1627481224 | pH | Plants that produce and convert energy from the sun, into chemical energy used for manufacturing food. | 111 | |
| 1627481225 | Ocean acidification | Decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels | 112 | |
| 1637610186 | Law | A natural phenomenon that is observed the same way every time. (Chapter 1) | 113 | |
| 1637610187 | Positive feedback | A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change. | 114 | |
| 1637610188 | Negative feedback | A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. | 115 | |
| 1637610189 | Homeostasis | The steady-state physiological condition of the body. (Chapter 1) | 116 | |
| 1637610190 | Temperature | A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules. | 117 |
