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AP Biochemistry- Me Flashcards

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15186306106ionic bondbond resulting from a transfer of electrons0
15186306107covalent bondbond resulting from the sharing of electrons1
15186306108nonpolarelectrons shared equally2
15186306109polarelectrons shared unequally3
15186306110buffersubstance that resists changes in pH4
15186306111bicarbonate ionmost important buffer in human blood5
15186306112isomerorganic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure6
15186306113structural isomerisomer differing in the arrangement of atoms7
15186306116enantiomermirror image of an isomer8
15186306117monosaccharideC6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose9
15186306118disaccharidetwo monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose10
15186306119dehydration synthesiscondensation; joining compounds together with water released11
15186306120hydrolysisbreakdown of a compound by adding water12
15186306121polysaccharidepolymers of carbohydrates13
15186306122cellulosestructural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls14
15186306123starchstorage polysaccharide found in plants15
15186306124amylosesimplest storage polysaccharide form of starch16
15186306126chitinstructural polysaccharide found in animals; makes up the exoskeleton in arthropods17
15186306127glycogenstorage polysaccharide animal starch that in humans is stored in the liver and the skeletal muscle18
15186306128glycerolalcohol portion of a lipid19
15186306129fatty acidhydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids20
15186306130saturated fatfat without double bonds21
15186306131unsaturated fatfat with double bonds22
15186306132steroidlipid with a four fused ring structure; cholesterol and testosterone23
15186306133peptide bondbond creating amino acid chains or polymers24
15186306134conformationprotein's unique shape that determines its function25
15186306135primary structurelinear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds26
15186306136secondary structureprotein formed with hydrogen bonds27
15186306137tertiary structure3D conformation formed; determines specificity28
15186306138quaternary structureprotein with more than one polypeptide chain29
15186306139alpha helixsecondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)30
15186306140beta pleated sheetsecondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk31
15186306142heme groupone of four polypeptide chains in the quaternary structure of hemoglobin32
15186306143protein folding problemhow proteins form their unique shapes33
15186306144chaperone proteinsmolecules that assist in folding other proteins34
15186306145functional groupcomponents of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions35
15186306158cohesioncapacity to resist tension to rupture36
15186306159alkalinesynonym for basic37
15186306160saltcompound that releases ion other than H+ or OH- when dissolved in water38
15186306161phosphorylationany phosphate group transfer39
15186306162chemical equilibriumwhen the reaction rate is about the same in either direction40
15186306163polymerlong molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together41
15186306164monomerbuilding block for polymers; only made by producers42
15186306165adhesionattraction between different kinds of molecules43
15186306166surface tensionmeasure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid44
15186306167van der Waals interactionstertiary structure; weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations45
15186306169evaporative coolingproperty of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules46
15186306171disulfide bridgetertiary structure; strong covalent bond formed when one sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another47
15186306172hydrophobic interactiontertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water48
15186306173hydrocarbonorganic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon49
15186306174macromoleculegiant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules50
15186306175glycosodic linkagecovalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration synthesis reaction51
15186306176nucleotidebuilding block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group52
15186306177pyramidinecytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring53
15186306178purineadenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring54
15186306179triosethree carbon sugar55
15186306180pentosefive carbon sugar56
15186306181hexosesix carbon sugar57
15186306182hydroxylhydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar58
15186306183carbonylcarbon double bonded to oxygen; ketones and aldehydes59
15186306184carboxyloxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group60
15186306185aminenitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton61
15186306186sulfhydrylsulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine62
15186306187phosphatephosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid63
15186306188methylcarbon bonded to three hydrogens; arrangement determines function of male and female sex hormones64

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