Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 10.
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| 4960073300 | photosynthesis | conversion of light energy and water into chemical energy | 0 | |
| 4960073301 | autotrophs | "self-feeding"; organisms which sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms | 1 | |
| 4960073302 | heterotrophs | organisms which obtain compounds produced by other organisms | 2 | |
| 4960073303 | chlorophyll | the green pigment located within the chloroplasts, responsible for the green color of leaves | 3 | |
| 4960073304 | mesophyll | the tissue in the interior of the leaf | 4 | |
| 4960073305 | stroma | the dense fluid within the chloroplast | 5 | |
| 4960073306 | thylakoids | an elaborate system of interconnected membranous sacs which are stacked in columns called grana | 6 | |
| 4960073307 | light reactions | occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen | 7 | |
| 4960073308 | Calvin cycle | a synthesis that fixates atmospheric CO2 and reduces the fixed carbon into a carbohydrate | 8 | |
| 4960073309 | NADP+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron carrier which is cousin of NAD+ which is used in cellular respiration | 9 | |
| 4960073310 | photophosphorylation | use of chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP | 10 | |
| 4960073311 | wavelength | the distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves | 11 | |
| 4960073312 | electromagnetic spectrum | the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer | 12 | |
| 4960073313 | visible light | the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum from 380 nm to 750 nm which the human eye can detect | 13 | |
| 4960073314 | photon | a discrete quantity of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle | 14 | |
| 4960073315 | spectrophotometer | device which measures the ability of pigments to absorb wavelengths of light | 15 | |
| 4960073316 | absorption spectrum | a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength | 16 | |
| 4960073317 | chlorophyll a | photosynthetic pigment which participates directly in the light reactions to convert solar energy to chemical energy | 17 | |
| 4960073318 | action spectrum | profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving photosynthesis | 18 | |
| 4960073319 | chlorophyll b | accessory photosynthetic pigment which transfers energy to chlorophyll b | 19 | |
| 4960073320 | carotenoid | accessory pigment which absorbs wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, thus broadening the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis | 20 | |
| 4960073321 | photosystem | light-capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes | 21 | |
| 4960073322 | reaction-center complex | complex of proteins associated with a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor, triggers light reactions of photosynthesis by donating an electron to an ETC | 22 | |
| 4960073323 | light-harvesting complex | a complex of proteins associated with pigment molecules which captures light energy and transfers it to a reaction-center pigments in a photosystem | 23 | |
| 4960073324 | primary electron acceptor | a molecule in the reaction-center complex which is capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced | 24 | |
| 4960073325 | photosystem II | light-capturing unit in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane, reaction center is two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a | 25 | |
| 4960073326 | photosystem I | light-capturing unit in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane, reaction center is two molecules of P700 chlorophyll a | 26 | |
| 4960073327 | linear electron flow | a route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis, involves both photosystems I and II, produces ATP, NADPH, and O2 | 27 | |
| 4960073328 | cyclic electron flow | route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis, involves only photosystem I, produces ATP but not NADPH or O2 | 28 | |
| 4960073329 | G3P | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, a three-carbon sugar produced directly from the Calvin cycle | 29 | |
| 4960073330 | carbon fixation | initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 in an organic compound by an autotrophic organism | 30 | |
| 4960073331 | rubisco | the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the calvin cycle, adding CO2 to RuBP | 31 | |
| 4960073332 | C4 plants | plants which preface the Calvin cycle with an alternate mode of carbon fixation which forms a four-carbon compound as its first product | 32 | |
| 4960073333 | bundle-sheath cells | photosynthetic cells which are arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of the leaf | 33 | |
| 4960073334 | mesophyll cells | photosynthetic cells between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface, more loosely arranged | 34 | |
| 4960073335 | PEP carboxylase | enzyme in C4 plants which adds CO2 to PEP to from the four-carbon product oxaloacetate | 35 | |
| 4960073336 | CAM | crassulacean acid metabolism, a photosynthetic adaptation for arid conditions, a plant takes up CO2 and incorporates it into a variety of organic acids at night, releasing CO2 during the day from organic acids for use in the Calvin cycle | 36 | |
| 4960073337 | CAM plant | a plant which uses CAM to convert carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night into organic acids, which release CO2 for the calvin cycle during the day, when stomata are closed | 37 | |
| 4960306149 | C3 Plant | first organic product of carbon fixation is a three-carbon compound, 3-phosphoglycerate | 38 |
