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AP Biology: Biotechnology Flashcards

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6036911830Recombinant DNADNA produced by combining DNA from different sources0
6036911831BiotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.1
6036911832PlasmidsSmall rings of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells in addition to the main bacterial chromosome. Can contain genes for antibiotic resistance, or other "contingency" functions.2
6036911833Gene Cloning (DNA cloning)The production of multiple copies of a gene.3
6036911834Restriction enzymesEnzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides4
6036911835Sticky endA single-stranded end of a double-stranded DNA restriction fragment.5
6036911836DNA LigaseA linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.6
6036911837Cloning vectorDNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there.7
6036911838Complimentary DNA (cDNA)is made from mRNA by reverse transcriptase8
6036911845polymerase chain reaction (PCR)A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase9
6036911846gel electrophoresisProcedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel10
6036911847southern blottingA hybridization technique that enables researchers to determine the presence of certain nucleotide sequences in a sample of DNA.11
6036911856Genetic profileAn individual's unique set of genetic markers, detected most often today by PCR or, previously, by electrophoresis and nucleic acid probes.12
8818662552SNPSingle Nucleotide Polymorphism, a identify a person as well as improve medical treatment13
8818688248Taq polymeraseEnzyme used in PCR to make multiple copies of DNA14
8818696679DideoxynucleotidesNucleotides used in DNA sequencing.15
8818718474STRShort tandem repeats, stretch of DNA with repeating units of bases16

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