www.eduvee.com Key terms for AP Biology. This covers the terms for Chapter 23 from Campbell Biology - Evolution. Find more study resources and revision tools with questions at www.eduvee.com. It's FREE!
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| 1974475494 | mutation | any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material | 0 | |
| 1974475495 | fitness | an individual's ability to propagate its genes | 1 | |
| 1974475496 | genetic drift | an overall shift of allele distribution in an isolated population, due to random fluctuations in the frequencies of individual alleles of the genes | 2 | |
| 1974475497 | gene flow | the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another | 3 | |
| 1974475498 | natural selection | a process in which individual organisms or phenotypes that possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce | 4 | |
| 1974475499 | allele | one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position on a chromosome | 5 | |
| 1974475500 | gene pool | the complete set of unique alleles that would be found by inspecting the genetic material of every living member of a species or population | 6 | |
| 1974475501 | founder effect | a decrease in genetic variation that occurs when an entire population descends from a small number of founders | 7 | |
| 1974475502 | genotype | the combination of alleles, situated on corresponding chromosomes, that determines a specific trait of an individual, such as "Aa" or "aa" | 8 | |
| 1974475503 | phenotype | the appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees | 9 | |
| 1974475504 | genetic diversity | the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species | 10 | |
| 1974475505 | phenotypic variation | variation (due to underlying heritable genetic variation); a fundamental prerequisite for evolution by natural selection | 11 | |
| 1974475506 | crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes | 12 | |
| 1974475507 | genetic variation | variation in alleles of genes that occurs both within and among populations | 13 | |
| 1974475508 | random sampling | a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population) by chance | 14 | |
| 1974475509 | genetic drift | an overall shift of allele distribution in an isolated population, due to random sampling | 15 | |
| 1974475510 | founder effect | a decrease in genetic variation that occurs when an entire population descends from a small number of founders | 16 | |
| 1974475511 | gene flow | the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another | 17 | |
| 1974475512 | mutation | any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material | 18 | |
| 1974475513 | sexual selection | a mode of natural selection in which some individuals out-reproduce others of a population because they are better at securing mates | 19 | |
| 1974475514 | assortative mating | between males and females of a species, the mutual attraction or selection, for reproductive purposes, of individuals with similar characteristics | 20 | |
| 1974475515 | cline | a gradation in a character or phenotype within a species or other group | 21 | |
| 1974475516 | fecundity | number, rate, or capacity of offspring production | 22 | |
| 1974475517 | Darwinian fitness | the average contribution to the gene pool of the next generation that is made by an average individual of the specified genotype or phenotype | 23 | |
| 1974475518 | natural selection | a process in which individual organisms or phenotypes that possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce | 24 | |
| 1974475519 | stabilizing selection | a type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value | 25 | |
| 1974475520 | directional selection | a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction | 26 | |
| 1974475521 | disruptive selection | (or diversifying selection) a mode of natural selection in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values | 27 | |
| 1974475522 | frequency-dependent selection | the term given to an evolutionary process where the fitness of a phenotype is dependent on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in a given population | 28 | |
| 1974475523 | polygynous | having more than one female as mate | 29 | |
| 1974475524 | sexual selection | a type of natural selection, where members of the sexes acquire distinct forms because members choose mates with particular features or because competition for mates with certain traits succeed | 30 | |
| 1974475525 | handicap principle | a theory that suggests that animals of greater biological fitness signal this status through a behavior or morphology that effectively lowers their chances of survival | 31 | |
| 1974475526 | sexual dimorphism | a physical difference between male and female individuals of the same species | 32 | |
| 1974475527 | genetic hitchhiking | changes in the frequency of an allele because of linkage with a positively or negatively selected allele at another locus | 33 | |
| 1974475528 | polymorphism | the regular existence of two or more different genotypes within a given species or population | 34 | |
| 1974475529 | linkage disequilibrium | a non-random association of two or more alleles at two or more loci; normally caused by an interaction between genes | 35 |
