www.eduvee.com Key terms for AP Biology. This covers the terms for Chapter 17 from Campbell Biology - Genes & Proteins. Find more study resources and revision tools with questions at www.eduvee.com. It's FREE!
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| 1974465797 | protein | any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds | 0 | |
| 1974465798 | DNA | a biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acids (a type of nucleic acid) that has four different chemical groups, called bases | 1 | |
| 1974465799 | messenger RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product. | 2 | |
| 1974465800 | ribosome | protein/mRNA complexes found in all cells that are involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA | 3 | |
| 1974465801 | degenerate | the redundancy of the genetic code (more than one codon codes for each amino acid) | 4 | |
| 1974465802 | codon | a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or translation | 5 | |
| 1974465803 | nucleotide | the monomer comprising DNA or RNA molecules; consists of a nitrogenous heterocyclic base that can be a purine or pyrimidine, a five-carbon pentose sugar, and a phosphate group | 6 | |
| 1974465804 | redundancy | duplication of components, such as amino acid codons, to provide survival of the total system in case of failure of single components | 7 | |
| 1974465805 | amino acid | Any of 20 naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins. | 8 | |
| 1974465806 | holoenzyme | a fully functioning enzyme, composed of all its subunits | 9 | |
| 1974465807 | promoter | the section of DNA that controls the initiation of RNA transcription | 10 | |
| 1974465808 | elongation | the addition of nucleotides to the 3'-end of a growing RNA chain during transcription | 11 | |
| 1974465809 | activator | any chemical or agent which regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription | 12 | |
| 1974465810 | polymerase | any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polymers of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of DNA or RNA as a template | 13 | |
| 1974465811 | repressor | any protein that binds to DNA and thus regulates the expression of genes by decreasing the rate of transcription | 14 | |
| 1974465812 | nucleosome | any of the subunits that repeat in chromatin; a coil of DNA surrounding a histone core | 15 | |
| 1974465813 | chromatin | a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins within the cell nucleus out of which chromosomes condense during cell division | 16 | |
| 1974465814 | histone | any of various simple water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in the nucleosomes of eukaryotic chromatin | 17 | |
| 1974465815 | moiety | a specific segment of a molecule | 18 | |
| 1974465816 | spliceosome | a dynamic complex of RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from precursor mRNA | 19 | |
| 1974465817 | intron | a portion of a split gene that is included in pre-RNA transcripts but is removed during RNA processing and rapidly degraded | 20 | |
| 1974465818 | anticodon | a sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet (codon) in messenger RNA, specifying an amino acid during protein synthesis | 21 | |
| 1974465819 | ribosome | protein/mRNA complexes found in all cells that are involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA | 22 | |
| 1974465820 | translation | a process occurring in the ribosome in which a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) guides assembly of a sequence of amino acids to make a protein | 23 | |
| 1974465821 | prion | a self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue | 24 | |
| 1974465822 | chaperone | a protein that assists the non-covalent folding/unfolding of other proteins | 25 |
